African Americans And Their Troubled Past - 2576 Words

African Americans and Their Troubled Past African Americans have always been in the limelight when it comes to racism, prejudice, and discrimination. From the days of slavery until the recent killings of young African Americans in the United States, black people have had it bad when it comes to history. For whatever reason, it is perceived that black people were viewed as trophies to white people. To me, in the world today, there seems to be lot of prejudice and discrimination directed at African American. If you ask around the world, many feel that African Americans are want to be thugs, are not formerly educated, and always are looking for trouble to get in. I will start this research paper talking about the days of the Emancipation†¦show more content†¦The Liberation Decree was made on being an image for fairness and social equation. The proclamation didn’t really free any slaves or demolish the foundation of servitude itself but connected to states in dynamic diso bedience, not to the slave-holding fringe states or to revolt territories officially under Union control. As a general rule, it just liberated Union armed force officers from returning runaway slaves to their proprietors under the national Fugitive Slave Act of 1850( Emancipation Proclamation 2015). Any slaves who figured out how to get behind the lines of the propelling Union armed forces and any who lived in ranges owned by the armed forces no more must be returned in light of the fact that, in the expressions of the declaration, they were thenceforward, and always free( Emancipation Proclamation 2015) . Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation as a war measure. Its impact was it set the U.S. government against the curious foundation of bondage, putting a boundary between the South and its acknowledgment by European countries that had prohibited servitude. The South had since quite a while ago relied on help from England and France. Articles inside the Confederate States Cons titution particularly secured subjection inside the Confederacy. The Civil War was a huge turning point in American history for slaves and the reconstruction

Essay BP- Texas City Oil Refinery Explosion (2005) †Case...

BP is the leading energy company. BP took its name from the initials of the company’s previous official name British Petroleum. The company was trying to persuade everyone that it was an environmental friendly company that was using and develop alternative energy technology. During its existence it paid so much in fines for pollution that it is become obvious that management did not really care about the environment, but only about maximizing profit in anyway. It was easier for them to pay fines than to change their management system and prove safety improvements in the workplace. After the explosion, BP’s stock price and its reputation went down, and it is one of the numerous results of the disaster. It has definitely happened because of†¦show more content†¦BP did not properly place its stakeholders at the center of its strategy. Instead of being fixated on legal liability, which originally impacts internal stakeholders (management, employees, shareholders, c reditors, customers); BP should have empathized with external stakeholders (customers, public, communities, media) that will suffer from the explosion. Finally, BP has hurt all of its stakeholders. 7 Steps 1. What are the facts of the case? I think the most significant fact is that BP was neglecting obvious warning signs about the plants weakening conditions, and was focusing on the minimizing costs and the maximizing profits. Employees were aware of the working conditions at the plant because every day they were going to work with a fear that something terrible could happen at any time. BP failed to repair a lot of safety problems they knew about, and it led to the explosion in 2005, 15 deaths and over 170 injured. BP reduced its expanses for buying safety equipment for employees, cut its budget to lower number of inspection, and maintenance workers at the plant. Indeed, BP did not repair a lot of multi-safety problems that at the end caused the explosion, and at the end the company was fined. Cost cutting and poor maintenance are the main factors in this caseShow MoreRelatedAn Audit Of Beyond Petroleum s Ethical Practices1500 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary The focus of this report will be to perform an audit of Beyond Petroleum’s ethical practices. This report will identify three main breaches of ethics, explain why they are unethical and make recommendations of what could be done to rectify the issues identified. Introduction Beyond Petroleum (BP) is one of the world’s largest energy industries, ‘operating in all activities which are connected with the oil and gas industry’. 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Effect of Youtube on Live Music free essay sample

Their patience and advice have been valuable and has helped In my work. I would like to thank Ms Iranian Hire, Dean of Commits who made this dissertation a compulsory one. I would like to thank Mr. K. Assai Parkas for assisting and guiding me through the process of completing this dissertation. I would like to thank Victor Musketeer for Glenn me the right contacts to talk to.I would Like to thank Mr. Tussah and Santos from Only Much Louder who gave me valuable information regarding their music festival. DECORATION I, Ms Jowett Data Chuddar, student of I year MA (MAC) hereby declare that this reject report on The Youth effect: Music Festivals and Brands is the record of authentic field work carried out by me from June 24, 2013 to August 2, 201 3 and has not been submitted to any other university or Institute for the award of any degree or diploma.OF 26 Name: Date: Table Of Contents Abstract 5 Introduction 7 History Of Live Music 10 Literature Review 17 Research Methodology 20 Case Study 1: Sunburn Festival Case Study 2: NH Weekender Data Analysis 29 Discussion 43 Conclusion References Appendix ABSTRACT 21 26 47 45 Youth is a video-sharing website, created by three former Papal employees in February 2005, on which users can upload, view and share videos. We will write a custom essay sample on Effect of Youtube on Live Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Localization in India took place in May 2007 in English and Hindi.The company is based in San Bruno, California, and uses Adobe Flash Video and HTML technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips, and music videos, as well as amateur content such as video blobbing, short original videos, and educational videos. Youth formed in February 2005, allows billions of people to discover, watch and share originally created videos. Youth provides a arum for people to connect inform and inspire others across the globe and acts as a distribution platform for original content creators and advertisers and marketers, large and small.Today Youth is the third most-visited site on the internet behind Backbone and Google with a reach of more than 800 million people. After the creation of Youth in February 2005, there was extremely rapid growth within sixteen months generating over 4 billion views per day Can, 2013), a 50% increase since 2010. So it would be safe to say that Youth is one of the best platforms for the promotion f an event, especially for audio-visual aid. Youth is not strictly a music sharing medium. But over the last few years, out of the millions of videos streamed on Youth, videos related to music are by far the most popular.According to Commerce of Youths audience watch videos related to music more than any other category. Youths expansive reach and ever-evolving features has earned its place amongst the most important music business tools today. The concept of Youth has had an explosive growth in terms of popularity among fans, artists and industry professionals as well as reaching a global audience. Event management is small. It involves studying the intricacies of a brand, identifying the target audience, conceptualizing the event, planning the logistics and coordinating the technical aspects during and after the event.A music festival is a festival oriented towards music that is sometimes presented with a theme such as musical genre, nationality or locality of musicians, or holiday. They are commonly held outdoors, and are often inclusive of other attractions such as food and merchandise vending machines, performance art, and social activities. This research article intends to investigate two wings. The first is whether or not the explosive viewers on Youth, along with its other social media links, has had a significant effect on the crowd turnover and promotion of music festivals and live performance industry for musicians in the country.The second aspect that this article explores is the role played by music events as a marketing strategy in the sales and promotion of other goods. Through this dissertation, I will start with the history of live performances by artists and how Youth has helped in pulling more crowds to these performances. INTRODUCTION There is no doubt that live performances as an element of an artists career has changed significantly since the birth of the digital age.Earlier, the concerts and the live performances used to be primarily a promotional tool in selling an album. But now a concert is one of the most significant products that the bands sell. As the digital era took over, the physical recorded album became obsolete, forcing a change in the business strategy. Social media, with its expansive reach and ever-evolving features, has now become one of the most important music business tools. They help o encourage explosive growth and popularity among fans, bands and industry professionals. It plays an important role in the successes of musicians world-wide and it is always at the forefront in the minds most industry professionals who seek new ways to increase fan-base and ultimately, revenue for the artists. With the decline of record sales as a supporting source of revenue, artists are continuously looking for alternative sources of income. Sites like Youth, Backbone, and Namespace has made it possible for them to reach out to millions of people to spread word about their music, themselves and their experiences while making the music.With the availability of such resources, artists have started to redefine the artist-fan relationship. This has made it possible to link their music to a variety of applications creating an outstanding outlet for discovery and sales of music. Youth started the trend of creating a direct link from consumers to their favorite musical groups, giving them a visual aid of their practice sessions, gigs, recordings and concerts. The industry has definitely seen a positive impact for venues, promoters, managers, ticketing, new artist discovery and the subsequent birth of new mega concerts. Youth Statistics -The worldwide reachBut it also means Youth isnt dependent on one social network or another to be successful. Just as Namespace has started to decline in popularity, future has become Just as popular for sharing clips on Backbone, Twitter, and other online communities. Unknown To some, Youth is seen as a website full of amateurs wasting their time posting poorly made videos, while others see Youth as their chance at stardom, their most understanding teacher, or their meeting place Ninth closest friends. Youth does allow for all these things to happen.It serves as a diurnal coffee house where people can share ideas and gather with likened and intonating individuals to discuss ideas, art, and music. There is a separate place that allows others to learn from more experienced players. Another section shows professional videos of signed artists. Musical users needs range from wanting to hear a rendition of a popular song, to the liver version of the song performed in some gig, to wanting to share their original songs with others. They want to learn how to play their favorite lick on guitar or hat fingers to use for a complicated chord progression on the piano.They advertise Peps and watch their favorite music video. They cover their idols song and collaborate with musicians across the globe to perform Christmas carols. They sing karaoke or play the recorder for the sole purpose of showing off their musical skills or lust learning. The possibilities of this video sharing virtual world are only bound by the imaginations of the users and the terms of service of the web space provider. In the following section of this article, a deeper look will be taken into how one Youth has affected popularity of some music festivals. HISTORY OF LIVE MUSIC ere history of live music can be dated back to the middle ages when courtly life emended entertainment, hiring troubadours to perform music for the royal families. With the expansion of the economy during Renaissance, the demand for music increased significantly allowing the best composers and musicians to command high salaries and travel from one city to the next selling live performances and Classical eras. The industry flourished with the advent of the printing press and thus, the spread of sheet music which allowed musicians to earn a living through the physical sale of their work.During the 19th century, technologies allowed music to be utilized as a recording. As a result, the concept of physical sales was taken to higher level but live performances remained a key component in the careers of the musicians. In the late sasss, live performances could be sold as a good rather than solely a service. This was made possible due to the successful selling of the G ramophone by The Columbia Phonograph Company. One of Hollywood most significant aspects is the legacy of live music performances it created during the Golden Era.During the period, musicians could be found playing at legendary nightclubs and hotels like the Coconut Grove and Ambassador Hotel. After gaining significant exposure in these places, they were picked up by renowned music producers and got the opportunity to play in different countries and the famous Sunset Strip in LA. Sometimes performances in places like the Macarthur Park would attract a crowd of more than 6,000 people. Over the years, it went on to becoming a legendary Jazz venue, drawing crowds from all over the Los Angels to hear local artists play. But by the end of the sass a change was seen.Fewer casual engagements at night clubs and hotels would take place. The balance of live music to recorded music would shift into the studios. Soon the 3-4 minute performance on a record became more popular than the full length versions that were performed at clubs, compelling performers to modify their performances to fit within the preferences of their audience (Daffodil, 2011). The demand for recordings of live performances continued to increase as a result of advances in recording technology. ere new knowledge from experiments in sound quality led to the rise and demise of number of recording media formats.The fear, as one music critic described was that if you had a phonograph player at home, you would never go outside of your house to listen to live music again. In the sass, they thought that because people had cassette tapes, they would Just tape their friends music and never buy albums again (Situated, 2009). The result was, however, quite the opposite, sending record sales to new heights, dramatically increasing the excitement surrounding mu sic, and giving the people more of a desire to see their favorite bands live. In sass and early ass, CD sales were booming and the number of shows performed to promote those albums continued to rise. CD sales held the highest market share of all music media being sold. According to Mark Cunningham, artist manager and marketing repressions of Aware Records and A-squared Management (Chicago IL), pre- internet, the album was the main thing for almost every act it was the main reason they toured, made videos, etc. And a lot of bands really only played live to sell more albums (Cunningham, 2012). Artists traveled far and wide to generate excitement for their albums.However, as a result of the massive expense of promotion, their tour-stops typically included major markets in which they knew the band could draw crowd and head back to the studio. Bands had to utilize print promotions and radio to communicate with their fans about tours and albums. Paper newsletters and postcards would be mailed to the fans and the bands had to get people to sign their mailing list in person at shows and the information would be mailed to them about addresses became invalid, and consequently, they would no longer receive the promotional materials.It was one of the least efficient systems as the sender would end up getting a bulk of bad address returns and a lot of money would be wasted on invalid shipping addresses. Even worse, the people could never be tracked down again unless they notified the authorities personally. The only other method to spread awareness was mass media. But if you failed to get a song played on the radio or through a TV broadcast (like a Saturday Night Live performance), then it was ere, very, very hard for people to find out about you, said Cunningham. Mass media furthermore aided in the development of a large gap between the artists and the fans.It was a very firm one-way relationship where the fan didnt have the reso urces to find out anything about an act unless national media talked about it. The media Nas the filter and the consumers picked from whatever was made available to them. Before the integration of digital tools and online social media sites, these artists pent huge sums of money to keep the audience engaged and aware of the happenings of the band, performed live to help gather a greater following and then released an album in hopes that the loyal names on the mailing list would buy it.ADVENT OF THE DIGITAL ERA: In 1994, something happened that would change the dynamics of the industry drastically and cause a shift in the existing model. The Francophone Institute released the first MPH encoder enabling listeners to transfer songs from their CD collections and store them as files on their computer (Nair, Christi). Storing and playing music on amputees became extremely popular and soon lead to the exchange of music files through the internet. In 1999, Anapest introduced an online hub allowing the concept of peer-to-peer file (POP) sharing which eventually attract ed as many as 70 million registered users (Abortionist, 2012).With this new feature, the bargaining power of consumers went from virtually non-existent to extremely significant. Suddenly, users could access millions of new songs uploaded by friends or strangers and download them free of charge on their computers, without any repercussion from intellectual property or copyright laws. This concept was not well-received in the music industry and lawsuits flared up between industry professionals and Anapest, Aziza and rooster. The industry panicked as the new trend emerged, fearing that the availability of free digital copies would replace the purchase of physical albums.Companies like Apple capitalized on this idea by creating new distribution channels for music. In one week, tunes sold over 1 million songs, wreaking every record and becoming the largest online music company in the world in 2001 (Dillydally, 2003) Though tunes and other music stores boosted the sales of music online, a number f issues became pervasive. First, digital piracy remained a more popular medium to acquire music as the legally obtaining music became an option and not an obligation. Ap proximately, 99% of music files available online were unauthorized (IF Music Piracy Report 2002). Consequently the price of songs began tending towards zero and as music was unbundled through the availability of single-song downloads; the revenue stream from huge sales of artists was destroyed. The recorded album gradually was losing its value forcing artists to recognize that they would soon be sales. Secondly, though fans now had excessive amounts of music, the divide between the artists and fans increased even more. The need of mass media was eliminated for the purpose of music discovery.Fans had no medium to connect with the bands, and no real reason to be any more engaged than simply downloading the songs form the Internet. As more music began to be consumed for free, the industry desperately started searching for new innovative ways to work with the new music Industry model. The digital revolution seemed to appear the key factor for the demise of the music industry. However, with each change in the industry, the emerging trend Nas not without benefits. Fans could finally access music of bands they likes and could discover more of an artists repertoire based on the easy availability of the bands discography.Fans could also download new unfamiliar music without the penalty of financial loss of not enjoying the track, as opposed to the issue of limited exposure in the old model. Previously, fans had to attend a show, see a posted promotional flyer or hear about a new band form a friend. It quickly became evident that this new model was the future of the music industry. With the importance of the hysterical album essentially obsolete, promotion of the album was no longer the main goal of artists. Now, bands had to promote themselves and sell their tour, compelling artists to turn concert tours as their primary source of revenue. To do so, artists switched the focus of the promotions from album-centered to artist-centered. Bands now had to sell their story, their community, and their music by engaging fans in new Nays that could not be replicated and downloaded online. In one particular reflection of this, David Bowie, in an interview with the New York Times, stated that music itself s going to become like running water or electricity. Youd better be prepared for doing a lot of touring because thats really the only unique situation thats going to be left.Its terribly exciting. Social media made this shift possible HOW YOUTH HAS HELPED: In 2005, Youth was launched for people to upload, view, and share videos within their networks. Youth as a Social Media platform, made this shift of focus from albums to artist by providing bands with three major opportunities: 1 . Increased connectivity with fans and industry professionals 2. Access to a global audience 3. Video recordings of gigs practice sessions, behind the camera footage, interviews, and many more which add credibility to the information.Increased connectivity Fans In an era of interconnectivity, the importance of specific demographics or geographic location is outweighed by the habits, trends, and personality of fans. Establishment of online communities (subscription of channels on Youth) around artists stimulated a strong artist-fan relationship where this kind of information became relevant. The move was made from a purely business relationship, which Nas connecting with fans only during promotions and appearances, to one that included a more human element, fostering a more meaningful relationship between the two.Artist Manager, Josh Terry of A-squared Management, states that It is more important now than ever to give the fans a behind the scenes look at their favorite bands, to keep t hem connected, and to let them know how important they are. Introit a solid fan base, a band as a business cant operate. Thus fans need to performing. Something even as simple as a prank played by/on the artist helps create a bond. The fans feel closer to the artists by getting a sneak-peek into their lives. Recordings of their practices create enthusiasm and excitement for the upcoming events.The recordings of the makings of the videos are purposely made to contain goof-ups and mistakes which bring out the human side of the artists. It gives an impression that they are Just like us. It gives fans a window to perceive the artists/ bands as friends, giving them a view into their experiences that take place offline. Or appropriately engage fans, it is argued that the artist should promote 80% of their content about things other than promotional material. This helps in building of a strong offline relationship with the fans through the online resources.By omitting on videos and songs on Youth, or by sharing the link on other social media, fans are able to directly communicate their demands for tour stops or music or to provide feedback on events. Fans can feel as though their demands are generating a response making them feel valued. Through Youth fans identify with specific genres of music and specific bands based on their interest. When people feel an emotional connection or sense of belonging to a group, they become more active participants in that group and invest more time and money in the well-being and successes of the live performances. This gives artists the opportunity to convert online interest into revenue. INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS Not only do the opportunities exist for fans, but they are especially existent for industry professionals from all aspects of a concert perspective. Venues, promoters and managers among others can all reap the benefits from Youth as well. Venues ere role of venues in concerts is fundamental. Venues have already begun using social media to open their lines of communication directly to the bands that headline them and the fans that will fill their seats.As one Los Angels venue stated, if you stop listening to people, they stop coming. If you stop listening to bands, they stop booking your establishment. Without feedback and the appropriate adjustments, the experience becomes less enjoyable and the venue ultimately shuts down. Thus denudes need to constantly be up-to-date about the successes and failures of band performances through videos to keep a check on their reservations. This helps especially when multiple artists try to book venues on the same day or time. Following their videos online helps them decide how to prioritize.With happy fans, the venue next sought out ways to get the bands back, and Youth was one of their sickest to success if not the primary. Promoters Promoters evaluate fan feedback, number of views and band statistics every day to look for demands and trends in their areas. If Youth links on Backbone or Twitter show a certain trend, a promoter can act on the demand to bring new bands to new areas and new venues. According to the bands manager, Josh Terry, A Rocket to the Moon received literally thousands of comments on Youth in Indonesia asking them to come to their country.The promoter in Jakarta noticed this and eventually put in a great offer for the band to perform there for 1 show. The band had never played internationally and never been to Southeast Asia, but at their very first show the band headlined a 45 minute set, playing for 5000 fans, each of whom spent over $50 USED on tickets. He later stated that Indonesia was the bands biggest market. It is areas. Artist Managers ere benefits for artist managers are invaluable. Posts by fans can be monitored by managers and interpreted for business practices. Terry said that he monitors every posting or video and monitors if it increases awareness and causes fans to react. Everything nowadays is reactionary. If something is bubbling, he knows he has something to make money out of. When things begin to bubble it is because fans have begun to share and respond to the post. Analyzing Youth along with Twitter, Backbone, Namespace and other social media analytics every week enables managers to see if fans are talking about bands, how many people are liking or re-posting the ideas, etc.Such analytics give insight into the excitement surrounding bands, and can help the managers to track what is working and what is not. These analytics have been highly significant indicators for their success in todays online atmosphere. LITERATURE REVIEW Many papers have examined whether online word-of-mouth or user-generated content, such as consumers reviews, ratings, and blobs, have an impact on sales. The earlier studies (see, for example, Dollars 2003, Chevalier and Manikin 2006) have tried to establish the relationship between online consumer reviews and product sales.The more recent studies have taken more nuanced approaches toward examining such a relationship. For instance, Chem. et al. (2007) study how the number of helpful votes on reviews and the reputation of reviewers influence the relationship teens book ratings and book sales. GHz and Ghana (2010) consider how product and consumer characteristics moderate the relationship between consumer reviews and product sales. In addition, researchers have started to pay attention to how consumer opinions can drive product sales. For instance, Dean and Armadas (2009) have studied the causal relationship between blob buzz and music sales.All of these existing studies utilize data on user-generated content and address the impact of consumer behavior on product sales. Our study is related to how online content can influence product sales. However, it differs greatly from this literature because we examine online content from a completely different angle and study company-generated content rather than or user-generated content. To the best of our knowledge, no other paper has tried to quantify the value of live music marketing through Youth specifically.This study also draws upon the marketing literature that studies the effect of traditional advertising on sales. In general, advertising often has an immediate effect on sales. A more subtle question to marketing managers is how long the cumulative effect of advertising persists. It can be argued that consumers remember past advertising messages, but this goodwill toward the advertised brand gradually decays because of forgetting and competitive advertising. Given and Horsy (1990) and Horsy and Simon (1983) propose that advertising can also indirectly affect sales through purchase reinforcement.Advertising can encourage consumers to try a new experience, they may purchase it again in the future. In addition, competitive reactions could also have a major impact on the effectiveness of advertising. In the short run, marketing actions may prompt a positive sales response, but the long-run effect could be negligible depending on the nature of competitive reactions banshees 1980). En apply the insights from the studies mentioned above to the online social network context, and investigate the effects of artists online marketing actions.In the social networking context, Trusts et al. (2009) studies the impact of word-of-mouth referrals and traditional marketing on the number of sign-ups at a major social networking Since the digital revolution, the masses have been able to view or listen to digitized artwork from a drive and on the internet, making it even easier for the consumption art. Jenkins (2006) makes the distinction between media, what we see or hear, and technology, the way media is produced and consumed.

Piracy in Film Industry Essay Example

Piracy in Film Industry Essay The   Tamil   film   industry   is   losing   millions   of   dollars   in   revenue   each   year   because   of   piracy,   yet   it   is   unable   to   do   anything   to   combat   it. Everyone   has   heard   of   Bollywood   but   southern  Indias  Tamil  film  industry  is  also  prolific. More  than  130  films  are  being  released   every  year. Ticket  sales  coupled  with  the  sale  of  overseas  rights  for  Tamil  films  bring  in  most   of  the  revenue. Estimates  vary  as  to  how  much  money  is  generated,  but  it  is  thought  to  be about  $250m  a  year. But  this  income  is  being  severely  dented  because  of  the  rampant  sale   of  pirated  DVDs  and  VCDs. They  usually  hit  the  black  market  within  a  few  days  of  the  release   of  a  new  film. Sometimes  pirated  DVDs  are  put  out  on  the  day  of  the  release  itself. The   majority   of   pirated   DVDs   originate   from   India   or   Malaysia. People   make   unauthorised   copies   from   original   prints   that   are   given   to   the   cinema   halls,   convert   them   into  DVDs  and  sell  them. Some  even  use  cameras  to  record  the  film  while  it  is  being  played   in  the  cinema  hall. Overseas  revenues  constitute  15? 0%  of  the  total  revenue  of  the  Tamil   film  industry. The  Tamil  film  industry  has  yet  to  for mulate  a  strategy  to  combat  such  piracy   abroad,   but   at   home   in   Tamil   Nadu,   it   uses   its   clout   over   the   political   class   to   fight   the   problem. The   Tamil   Nadu   government   has   set   up   special   units   to   tackle   video   and   DVD   pirates,   and   has   warned   offenders   they   face   severe   punishments. But   these   measures   are   yet  to  yield  tangible  results. Video  piracy  market  in  India  is  estimated  at  an  alarming  Rs  1,000? crore  and  rising  at  the   rate  of  20  per  cent  every  year  according  to  some  sources. We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Piracy in Film Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As  per  a  Northbridge  Capital  Asia   report  in  early  2009,  the  Indian  film  industry,  which  is  currently  pegged  at  Rs  14,  400  crore,   produces  around  1,000  films  every  year  but  loses  14%  of  its  revenue  to  video  piracy. Jaggubai,  the  15  crore  mega  project  of  Sarathkumar  directed  by  KS  Ravikumar  was  made   available  on  the  net  even  before  its  release  and  that  shocked  the  entire  Tamil  film  industry. While   everyone   understand   their   anger   and   agony,   it’s   also   time   to   introspect   who   is   at   fault. Is   it   the   common   man   as   accused   by   the   industry   or   the   industry   which   is   not   considerate  of  the  common  man? Piracy   has   not   spared   even   Hollywood. Last   year   an   almost   finished   copy   of   X? Men   Origins:   Wolverine   starring   Hugh   Jackman   was   leaked   online   a   month   before   its theatrical   release. Another   American   science   fiction   film,   the   fourth   instalment   in   the   Terminator   series,   Terminator   Salvation   starring   Christian   Bale   had   to   change   its   ending   completely   after  internet  leak. 3  |  P a g e Main  Research  Problem The  unscrupulous  act  of  piracy  definitely  demands  condemnation  of  the  highest. But  it  is   also  time  to  do  some  polite  introspection  on  the  side  of  the  film  industry. Who  is  the  culprit   according   to   the   film   industry? What   medium   of   piracy   they   are   worried   about? Does   the   hue  and  cry  of  the  industry  actually  touch  the  hearts  of  the  very  ordinary  people  it  accuses   of  abetting  the  crime  and  incurring  huge  losses  to  the  film  industry? My  objective  hence  is  to  find  out  the  causes  and  reasons  for  spread  of  piracy  from  the   public’s   eye. It   is   a   common   notion   with   the   film   industry   that   the   causes   of   spread   are   attributed   to   the   youth   of   today. In   order   to   analyze   this   particular   accusation   I   have   surveyed  the  youth  of  Chennai  in  order  to  assess  the  real  factors  driving  the  piracy  problem. My  main  research  question  was  to  find  out  whether  it  is  true  that  the  youth  of  today  are   the  major  reasons  behind  the  spread  of  movie  piracy. Hence  in  order  to  find  whether  it  is   VCD  piracy  or  online  piracy,  the  bigger  evil,  my  questionnaire  has  been  designed  in  such  a   way. Also  in  order  to  arrest  the  spread  of  piracy,  the  Government  has  been  taking  steps  but   not   enough. The   drive   needs   to   come   from   within   the   viewers   who   are   watching   such   movies. They  need  to  awaken  from  this  bad  dream  and  stop  watching  pirated  movies. This way  we  could  reduce  the  losses  that  movie  producers  are  suffering  from  piracy. 4  |  P a g e Scope  of  Research For  the  purpose  of   restricting  my  survey  to  the  main  research  problem  I  have  focused   the  survey  on  people  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  where  it  is  believed  that  movie  piracy   is  rampant. Even  though  movie  piracy  is  prevalent  in  Bollywood  as  well  as  Hollywood,  I  have   restricted  my  survey  to  the  confines  of  Kollywood,  which  has  a  major  appeal  in  Chennai  and   its   suburbs. The   same   techniques   used   for   pirating   tamil   movies   are   used   for   English   and   Hindi   movies   too. So   once   we   find   out   the   major   causes   driving   the   piracy   issue,   we   can   answer  the  question  facing  the  larger  picture. Since   Chennai   is   the   hub   for   the   tamil   movie   industry,   Kollywood,   I   have   focused   my   survey  only  on  the  youth  of  Chennai. Also  the  majority  of  revenues  earned  for  a  movie  come   from  the  metropolitan  city  of  Chennai. As  per  literature,  (Freestone  Ã‚  Mitchell,  2004,  Kini,   Ramakrishna      Vijayaraman,   2003,   Vartiainen,   1999)   piracy   is   prevalent   amongst   youth   worldwide. Here  we  are  interested  in  the  youth  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  since  that  is   the  age  for  most  working  youth  who  are  yet  to  get  married  and  settle  into  marital  life. Critical  Review  of  Literature The   research   that   had   been   done   in   this   particular   area   had   been   mainly   to   distinguish  between  the  differences  in  piracy  related  to  software,  movie  and music. The  sole   purpose  of  the  research  had  been  in  identifying  which  had  a  major  impact  on  revenues. As   discussed  in  that  research  software  cannot  be  compared  with  movie  and  music  piracy  since   the  latter  had  a  shorter  life  cycle. The  interest  in  a  particular  movie  or  music  changes  once   another   catchy   tone   or   high   interest   movie   comes   about. That   is   why   it   has   a   shorter   life   span. My  pre? research  included  going  through  surveys  done  in  the  area  of  software  piracy   with  the  main  focus  on  the  use  of  internet  as  the  transfer  medium. The  Gallup  poll  on  moral   acceptability   of   downloading   music   for   free   was   referred   to   as   my   research   objective   included  music  piracy  as  well. There   has   not   been   much   research   on   the   piracy   of   Tamil   movies   with   a   focus   on   Chennai   alone. There   have   been   researches   conducted   on   the   piracy   involved   in   Tamil   movies  abroad  in  the  US  and  UK. But  our  focus  here  is  to  address  the  issue  at  the  source. Hence  we  focus  on  the  heart  of  the  Tamil  movie  industry,  Kodambakkam,  Chennai. The  main  sources  referred  to  for  conducting  the  primary  research  have  been  given  in   the  Bibliography  section. 5  |  P a g e Methodology The  research  methodology  used  here  is  that  of  an  explanatory  research  in  order  to   explain   the   phenomenon   of   Piracy   prevalent   among   the   youth. Since   Movie   and   music   piracy  is  a  social   phenomenon   we  need   to   follow  a  phenomenological  approach  in  finding   out  the  factors  responsible  for  the  spread  of  this  revenue  killing  phenomenon . The   research   instruments   used   are  the   questionnaires   which   are   distributed   to   the   sample  population  and  we  get  responses  for  the  reasons  and  medium  for  spread  of  piracy. In  order  to  find  out  the  majorly  influencing  factor  for  piracy  I  have  used  a  scale  of  0? 100  for   the   independent   variables   to   clearly   demarcate   how   much   the   respondent   feels   is   the   difference  between  two  independent  variables. Once   the   data   is   collected,   we   input   it   in   SPSS   software   and   carry   out   statistical   functions   to   compare   the   means   of   the   different   variables. The   tool   used   to   compare   the   values  is  1? way  ANOVA  which  compares  the  values  of  the  different  variables  and  gives  the   result   with   the   corresponding   significance   level. Also   the   genre   of   movies   that   the   public   prefers  and  their  consumption  of  pirated  movies  have  been  given  pictorially  in  the  output. Conceptualisation In   order   to   get   clear   with   the   research   survey,   the   following   concepts   were   developed: Piracy   –   Copyright   infringement   of   audio? isual   works,   often   referred   to   as   piracy,   occurs    when   unauthorized   copies   are   made   of   music,   movies   and   similar   works. Unauthorized   copies   of   CDs/DVDs   and   other   media   are   sold   for   very   low   prices   around   the   world. Our   concept   of   movie   piracy   here   includes   VCD   piracy,   online   streaming   of   movies,   free   downloads  and  Cable  TV  piracy. Quality   of   movies   –   The   quality   of   a   movie   that   we   refer   to   here   is   the   goodness   of   the   storyline,  the  cinematography,  logical  sense  in  the  flow  of  the  story  and  the  reality  implied   in   the   movie   sequences. A   good   quality   movie   is   one   which   has   a   good   storyline,   well   directed,  sound  logic  in  the  story  and  a  seamless  flow  of  the  story. 6  |  P a g e Variables The   independent   variables,   dependent   variables,   intervening   variables   and   extraneous  variables  have  all  been  used  in  the  study  of  my  research  problem. Independent  Variables      ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? The  independent  variables  include  Ã‚   Quality  of  cinema  halls,  Ã‚   Price  of  tickets,  Ã‚   Use  of  CD/DVD,  Ã‚   Online  streaming  of  movies,  Ã‚   Free  downloads,  Ã‚   Bad  cinema  halls,  Ã‚   Lack  of  security  measures,  Ã‚   Easy  accessibility  to  content,  Ã‚   Sourcing  from  friends  and  Ã‚   Bad  movie  quality Dependent  Variables      ? ? ? ? The  dependent  variables  include  Ã‚   Spread  of  movie  piracy,  Ã‚   Cause  of  piracy,  and  Ã‚   Source  of  music  piracy  and  Ã‚   Public’s  perception  of  spread  of  movie  piracy Intervening  Variable      The   location   preference   of   the   people   in   watching   the   movies   is   an   intervening   variable   as   it   affects   the   relationship   between   the   main   variable   spread   of   piracy   and   the   independent  variable,  easy  accessibility  to  free  content. Extraneous  Variable      The  perception  and  preference  of  the  people  towards  watching  pirated  movies  is  the   extraneous   variable. People’s   tolerance   and   the   readiness   to   watch   pirated   movies,   if   available,  impacts  the  relation  between  bad  quality  theatres  and  spread  of  piracy. Hence  the   attitude  of  the  people  is  an  extraneous  variable  and  which  is  not  covered  in  the  study. 7  |  P a g e Hypotheses Any  research  study  needs  to  have  hypotheses  that  need  to  be  proved  or  disproved   to  assess  the  validity  of  the  assumptions  or  popular  opinions. Hence  the  relation  between   the   independent   variables   and   the   dependent   variables   is   tested   quantitatively   with   the   help  of  the  below  mentioned  six  hypotheses: H1:   CD/DVD   is   the   most   common   medium   used   in   the   spread   of   Tamil   movie  piracy      H2:   Ticket  prices  is  the  main  reason  behind  the  cause  of  movie  piracy      H3:   People  prefer  to  watch  all  new  movies  at  home  rather  than  at  theatres      H4:   CD/DVD  is  the  source  of  most  movies  that  people  watch  at  home      H5:   Free  downloads  is  the  main  reason  behind  the  spread  of  music  piracy      H6:   Easy  accessibility  to  free  content  of  movies  is  the  main  reason  that  the   Public  think  as  the  spread  for  piracy         All   the   above   hypotheses   can   be   classified   into   the   category   of   Null   hypotheses   where   the   given   statements   are   the   hypot heses   which   would   be   proved   or   disproved   statistically. 8  |  P a g e Sample  Selection The   convenience   sampling   (non? probability   sampling)   technique   was   used   where   questionnaires   were   distributed   to   the   intended   age   group. A   total   of   213   persons   were   included  in  the  sample. The  survey  questionnaires  were  distributed  in  three  places, ? Sangam  Theatre,  Kilpauk,  Chennai   ? Meenakshi  Sundarrajan  Engineering  College,  Kodambakkam,  Chennai   ? Alsa  Mall,  Egmore,  Chennai      The  respondents  were  majorly  in  the  age  group  of  19? 29  years  and  had  persons  from   both  genders  to  encompass  the  gender  diversity  in  this  particular  phenomenon. Since  the  data  related  to  number  of  Tamil  movie  goers  in  Chennai  was  not  available   we  couldn’t  use  any  statistical  methods  for  determining  the  minimal  sample  size. However   the   total   number   obtained   here   was   huge   which   ensured   that   we   were   able   to   ensure   normal  distribution  of  the  values  obtained  in  the  survey. Thus   we   have   surveyed   213   people   in   all   which   includes   119   men   (56%)   and   94   women   (44%)   in   the   survey. The   age   groups   in   the   survey   range   from   0? 18   years,   19? 29   years,  30? 39  years,  40? 49  years,  50? 59  years  and  people  more  than  60  years  old. However   we  tried  to  focus  on  people  in  the  19? 29  age  groups. Out  of  the  total  number  surveyed  198  are  single  (93%)  and  15  are  married  (7%). Also   the   majority   of   people   watch   movies   once   a   month   or   once   in   3   months. Only   a   smaller   proportion  of  people  watch  it  once  in  two  weeks. Profile  of  the  respondents Gender Cumulative Frequency Valid Female Male Total 94 119 213 Percent 44. 1 55. 9 100. 0 Valid Percent 44. 1 55. 9 100. 0 Percent 44. 1 100. 0 9  |  P a g e Age group Cumulative Frequency Valid 0-18 years 19-29 years 30-39 years 50-59 years Total 48 156 7 2 213 Percent 22. 5 73. 2 3. 3 . 9 100. 0 Valid Percent 22. 5 73. 2 3. 3 . 9 100. 0 Percent 22. 5 95. 8 99. 1 100. 0 Marital status Cumulative Frequency Valid single married Total 198 15 213 Percent 93. 0 7. 0 100. 0 Valid Percent 93. 0 7. 0 100. 0 Percent 93. 0 100. 0 Frequency of movies Cumulative Frequency Valid once a week once in 2 weeks once a month once in 3 months very rarely Total 35 15 59 52 52 213 Percent 16. 4 7. 0 27. 7 24. 4 24. 4 100. 0 Valid Percent 16. 4 7. 0 27. 7 24. 4 24. 4 100. 0 Percent 16. 4 23. 5 51. 2 75. 6 100. 0 10  |  P a g e Limitations  of  Survey The   survey   covers   only   the   respondents   in   Chennai   since   the   time   frame   was   not   enough   to   cover   other   places   which   acted   as   movie   hubs   in   the   state. Also   a   significant   number   of   movies   are   being   screened   abroad   and   they   have   their   own   distribution   issues   abroad. The  scope  of  the  current  research  does  not  cover  that  and  hence  we  do  not  delve   into  that  issue. Also   ideally   if   we   had   known   an   approximate   number   of   Tamil   movie   goers   in   Chennai,   we   could   determine   the   minimal   sample   size   statistically. Hence   we   had   limited   ourselves   to   the   use   of   convenience   sampling   to   get   the   samples   from   people   across   Chennai. The   surveys   could   have   been   conducted   in   other   residential   places   of   varying   economic  strata  to  identify  which  strata  of  the  economic  class  does  this  spread  of  piracy  is   rampant. One  other  limitation  of  this  survey  is  that  it  did  not  ask  whether  the  individuals  had   an   internet   connection   at   home   which   could   have   helped   in   correlating   the   availability   of   net  connection  andà ‚  downloading  free  content  from  the  web.

The Human Genome Project Essays - Genomics, Genetics, Free Essays

The Human Genome Project Essays - Genomics, Genetics, Free Essays The Human Genome Project title = The Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project, What Is It? What would you do if you were given the power to change your genetic code from brown hair to blond?. Man has had this ability through natural selection for some time without knowing it, but in the near future scientist will be able to speed the process of natural selection by changing a persons genes. Scientists have identified what constitutes human DNA located in the nucleus of a cell. The Human Genome Project was established to identify the genes that make us who we are and is now an international organization. The massive task of identifying the numerous gene combinations has created a problem. In the nucleus are 22 genomes, plus two sex chromosomes which have already been identified. In the 22 genome there are approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA which contain 50,000 to 100,000 genes, a basic unit of heredity. The identification of these base pairs is the goal of the Human Genome Project, which started in 1990 and whose job it is to identify the letters or chromosomes in DNA. These letter s represent nulcleotides called adenine, guanine, thyamine, and cytosine (or A, C, T, G). ('92 BSCS pg. 1) The Human Genome Project idea originated in the mid 1980's and was discussed in the scientific community and media through the latter part of that decade. In the United States the combined effort of the Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health were involved in the project planning. (The National Center For Genetic Reasearch) The Human Genome Project has several goals including identifying the genes of a human assessing the genes and comparing human DNA to that of bacteria, yeasts, the fruit fly, mice, and the Arabidopis thaliana, a small genome plant that grows rapidly. A major purpose is to determine how evolution proceeds from lower organisms to humans, and discover why the smaller genomes of animals have less junk or unneeded DNA. Geneticists use two types of maps to characterize the genes they discovera genetic linkage map and a physical map. A genetic map registers the distance between the fragments of DNA we know according to the frequency with which they are inherited. The physical map measures the actual physical distance between two markers. Scientists want to map and develop technology for rapid genotyping, plus develop markers that are easy to use as well as generate new mapping techniques. (Instrumentation) Scientists can map genes but it is still expensive. One of the ongoing goals of the Human Genome Project is to get the cost of mapping a gene down to 50 cents per base pair. ('92 HSCS pg.3) The enormous information that is and has been generated by the project is used to link sites together around the world through the internet and now some information can be acessed by the general public. Another of the project goals is to create a sequencing capacity at a collective rate of 50 Mb per year. This is supposed to result in the completion of 80 Mb by the end of FY 1998. Many people question whether the Human Genome Project is worth the money spent on it and will it be used negatively toward those who have traits that are considered undesirable by insurance companies and other corporations? The HUMAN GENOME ORGANIZATION has a council of scientists and doctors worldwide who meet to discuss the effects of identifying an individual's genes. In the 1996 Genetics Confidentiality and Nondiscrimmination Act an attempt to addresss this issue as noted in Section 2, " The DNA molecule contain's an individual's genetic information that is uniquely private and inseparate from one's identity. Genetic information is being rapidly sequenced and understood. Genetic information carries special significance. It provides information about one's family, and more importantly, provides information about one's self and and one's self perception." Genetic information has been misused, harming individuals through stigmitization and discrimination. The potential for misuse is tremendous as genetics transcends medicine and has the potential to penetrate many aspects of life including health and life insurance, finance, and education. Experts advocate that genetic information should not be collected, stored, analyzed, nor disclosed without the individual's authorization. Current legal protections for genetic information is, however, inadequate. Uniform rules for collection, storage, and use of DNA samples are needed to protect individual privacy and prevent discrimination while permitting legitimate medical reasearch. The report further states that the reading of a minors DNA should be only with parental or legal guardian consent and only

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Reading Round-Up April We asked everyone in the office to talk about their favorite books from last month. Take a look at our favorite reads from April, and let us know in the comments which books youll be adding to your to-read list. From poetry to physics, theres something for everyone here! Human Hours by Catherine Barnett Page count: 80 Genre: Poetry Publish date: 2018 I picked up Catherine Barnetts Human Hours after hearing her read her work here in Seattle. I was first taken by her reading voice- quiet and carefully holding the poems words- and I find that the experience of reading her poems on the page is similar. Her work is arresting in its simplicity and directness, its refusal to hide that it seeks something. Even when it doesnt explicitly ask, or when it isnt set off by a question mark, her poetry is a question of sorts, an invitation to hushed conversation. The first line of Barnetts poem â€Å"Epistemology† reads, â€Å"Mostly I’d like to feel a little less, know a little more.† And her poems, for me, stitch the gap between feeling and knowing. They can make emotion seem orderly, for a moment; they can make thought felt. - Emma, Editorial Intern The Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene Page count: 569 Genre: Nonfiction; Science Publish date: 2003 This March, I read the Fabric of the Cosmos by Brian Greene. Theoretical physics is a difficult topic for most people, but Greene is one of the few authors whos able to make it accessible to the average reader. In this book, he launches into an exploration of spacetime that challenges our fundamental conceptions of reality. His use of metaphor and analogy allows for a reader with little to no background in science to follow complex topics such as Einsteins theory of general relativity, quantum mechanics, and string theory. While the book is overall accessible, it ramps up in difficulty as it goes along, and the last section is particularly challenging and requires multiple reads to understand. Still, the topic is fascinating, and Greene is a fantastic writer. This book will challenge you and open your mind to new, unbelievable ideas. - Anna, Editorial Intern Good Omens by Neil Gaiman Terry Pratchett Page count: 412 Genre: Fiction; Fantasy Publish date: 1990 After trying- and failing- to read through a nonfiction book in March, I looked to my fellow book-loving colleagues to point me in the right direction and found myself speeding through Good Omens. The novel puts a spin on the classic â€Å"end of the world† scenario and asks, â€Å"What if no one knew what they were doing?† Heaven and hell behave akin to disgruntled colleagues or roommates, demons from hell don’t actually know how the world works, and an angel loves sushi too much to want Armageddon to occur. Gaiman’s and Pratchett’s writing styles perfectly complement one another, and I found myself laughing out loud while reading this book. I very much enjoyed Good Omens- it was the perfect novel to get me back in the swing of reading. - Kate, Marketing Coordinator The City in the Middle of the Night by Charlie Jane Anders Page count: 368 Genre: Science Fiction Publish date: 2019 Set on a tidally locked planet where humanity has settled in the distant future, Charlie Jane Anders’s second novel explores themes of colonialism, trauma, climate change, and social justice, and carries icy echoes of Ursula K. Le Guin’s classic The Left Hand of Darkness. Anders has a gift not only for wildly imaginative world-building but for revealing her characters’ (often troubled) interior states with vivid realism; there were moments when I had to put the book down and take a deep breath. There’s bleakness and brutality in the future Anders has imagined, but there’s beauty too, as well as dark humor. Most strikingly, The City in the Middle of the Night offers the possibility of a paradigm shift in the idea that â€Å"to join with others to shape a future is the holiest act. This is hard work, and it never stops being hard, but this collective dreaming/designing is the only way we get to keep surviving.† - Jules, Editor Witchmark by C. L. Polk Page count: 318 Genre: Fantasy; Romance Publish date: 2018 This April, I read C. L. Polk’s debut novel Witchmark. Set in a charming world that combines magic and modernity with the aesthetics of Edwardian England, it follows Dr. Miles Singer, a psychiatrist in an underfunded veteran’s hospital, as he tries to escape his past and conceal his magical abilities. However, when a dying patient- and fellow mage- reveals Miles’s true identity to a handsome and mysterious stranger named Tristan, he is forced to decide between maintaining his anonymity and learning to control his abilities. From there, Miles and Tristan become embroiled in an increasingly high-stakes conspiracy that reveals shocking truths about the corruption plaguing their society. Equal parts romance, murder-mystery, paranormal drama, and political thriller, Witchmark left me both satisfied and wanting more. I will definitely be picking up the sequel, Stormsong, when it is released in 2020.    - Marissa, Edorial Intern Wyrd Sisters by Terry Pratchett Page count: 265 Genre: Fiction; Fantasy Publish date: 1988 â€Å"Theres nothing wrong with cackling. In moderation.† - Esme Weatherwax I was given Wyrd Sisters for my birthday and now all I want to do is read Pratchetts Witches series over and over again. Wyrd Sisters features Esme â€Å"Granny† Weatherwax- now one of my favorite characters- and the two other members of the infamous Lancre coven, Gytha â€Å"Nanny† Ogg and Magrat Garlick. Its a fun take of a motley of Shakespeare plays, notably Macbeth and Hamlet: we get the three witches from the former and a play within a play for the latter. This book had me cackling out loud so frequently that I was side-eyed and shushed more than once. Ill never forget Granny Weatherwax and Nanny Oggs utter confusion watching a play for the first time (the concepts of acting and fourth walls and such are completely unknown to them), and young Magrat nervously informing Granny that, in theatre, â€Å"all the women are played by men†- because Granny Weatherwax has â€Å"Views.† Im so excited that I have four more â€Å"Witches† books to read, though Im struggling with whether to greedily gobble or relishingly savor the rest of the series. - Sam, Head of Marketing The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston Page count: 204 Genre: Autobiography Publish date: 1975 This month, I read The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston. The book is a series of stories based on Kingston’s experience as a Chinese-American woman and focuses in detail on her mother’s experience both in China and in the United States. While partially autobiographical, Kingston incorporates elements of fiction into the narrative, blurring the lines between fantasy and reality. It took me a little while to get into this book, but I ended up enjoying Kingston’s stories. I was especially interested in reading about the narrator’s mother, whose outlook on life is complicated and unconventional. The stories detail the difficulty of bridging traditional and contemporary values, illustrated by the narrator’s perception of her mother. The beautiful prose made it all the more readable. - Mary, Editorial Intern The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton Page count: 351 Genre: Fiction; Classic Publish date: 1905 This April, I read Edith Whartons The House of Mirth, which tells the story of Lily Bart, a self-possessed socialite looking for a comfortable life without compromising her values- which, lets be honest, sounds perfectly reasonable. However, we see Lilys desires contend time and again with the restrictions imposed on her class and, in particular, her gender in Gilded Age New York. Wharton’s novel is a heartbreaking tragedy and poignant indictment of a society whose debilitating limitations destroy a spirited woman. - Wes, Managing Editor

Analysis of Innovation at Panasonic Research Paper

Analysis of Innovation at Panasonic - Research Paper Example It promotes a very environmentally friendly image which is a positive and helpful point in promotional activities (Forbes, 2011; Panasonic Website, 2011). When discussing the company’s rich profile of successful products even in today’s competitive world with equally good competitors like Sony, Samsung, Toshiba and Canon, Panasonic has been a very technologically sound and growing firm with consistent improvement and innovation in its products. Panasonic owes much of its success to it Research and Development Centre which has helped it in creating technology oriented products that were a success. Some of these products include SD Memory cards and DVDs. Their Usability Centers established all over the world ensure that the products features and functionality is perfectly in line with the expectations of the company and the consumer. With the help of these, the products that are sold to the final user are competitive and successful in terms of their usage. Panasonic has b een successful at gauging consumer insight and boosting sales due to its impressive technological advancements, producing products that amaze consumers and competitors in the technological industry (Panasonic Annual Report, 2011; Panasonic Website, 2011). ... Panasonic wants to reduce wastage and increase efficiency in its processes. It wants to reduce its costs and believes that recycling products will bring an environmental protection to the world as a whole. Panasonic is showing its initiatives that it has taken for its â€Å"Green Business Innovation† for conservation of energy and efficiently utilizing resources available. Panasonic wants to convert most of this world into a 3D phenomenon which includes personal and professional lives of people. The company has set up a Panasonic Booth for showcasing its plans for becoming the best Green Business Innovator by 2018. The booth constitutes of an Eco Corner which emphasizes on the creation of solutions based on energy conservation usage and storage. The ultimate goal of the eco corner is to promote a lifestyle which is ‘greener’. The Panasonic booth also has a 3D HD presentation wall that airs the full line of products of Panasonic which are 3D solutions, and appear t o be a great experience for those who visit. There is also a Digital Imagery corner and Television Internet service providers followed by a Home theatre corner, AV Solutions and Energy Solutions Zone, all promoting Green Business Innovation. The company’s Annual Report 2011 has shown a steady increase in its Sales all over the world owing to the cutting edge technology usage and its effective promotion. The company was involved in aggressive selling throughout the year and made its way because of its latest digital AVC Networks that constitute of the latest technology products such as camcorders, digital cameras, DVDs, Blue ray technology and other recording/storage items.

United States Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United States Bankruptcy - Essay Example Bankruptcy is defined as a person that has been legally declared insolvent due to having a level of debt that places a person in a status in which their regular income is insufficient to pay the person’s monthly obligations (Yahoo, 2008). A bankruptcy was a solution chosen by many reached a point in which lenders were extremely mad since many people with the ability to pay were filing bankruptcy in order to eliminate debt. These con artists were willing to give up the right to have credit for seven years in exchange for a clean slate gain through the elimination of all their debt. In 2005 the US government decided to make some changes to the bankruptcy laws in order to protect the credibility of the financial / banking system in the nation and to ensure people assume responsibility for their financial mishaps. Society at large pays the price of delinquent debtors since those bank losses are factors in the interest rates people receive in their loans such as their mortgage paym ents. This report studies the new bankruptcy law of 2005 referred too as the bankruptcy abuse prevention act. The bankruptcy laws are structure under different chapters which include chapter 13, 11 and 7. Chapter 11 is a bankruptcy alternative for business owners and corporation which provides protection for the business entities so that the lenders do not drive a company out of business if it becomes insolvent. It calls for a reorganization of the corporate debt and lower temporary debt payment so a company can have cash flow to create a new business plan to continue a business going. Chapter 13 is similar to chapter 11 as far as providing temporary relief from lenders, but it applies to individuals. Chapter 13 allows a person to salvage their overall credit by entering into arrangement with creditors to pay off the debt in longer time periods, reducing interest, and holding off all payments for predetermined periods of time

Socrates Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Socrates Philosophy Essay And now, Athenians, I am not going to argue for my sake, as you may think, but for yours, that you may not sin against the god, or lightly reject his favor by condemning me. For if you kill me you will not easily find another like me, who, if I may use such a ludicrous figure of speech, am a sort of gadfly, given to the state by the god; and the state is like a great and noble steed who is tardy in his motions owing to his very size, and requires to be stirred into life. (Socrates, The Apology) Socrates also refers to himself as a gadfly because he bites, and buzzes at the self-satisfied, which, indebted them to consider matters of virtue. He is also like a gadfly because he is likely to get swatted away because of his bite or words of wisdom. His job was to sting the sleeping horse of the Athenian conscious into wakefulness. Socrates said he was doing a service to the Athenian people by bringing them into reality. What Socrates meant by bringing them into reality was that he was enriching the people with questions and problems that made them think. He wanted them to think for themselves and not just agree with other people like the rich and powerful. He wanted the people to not be scared to think for themselves and he wanted them to learn. When Socrates refers to himself as a gadfly during his trial, he means that he is like an examiner of things. He said that he was given to the state by the god.(Socrates, The Apology) He means by this that he was put here to ask questions to examine life and its surroundings. Socrates is like a gadfly because he pesters his objects or people to hopelessness. He asked so many questions and his questions were so profound and intense, that many people became annoyed at him because they probably could not answer them because they were either too scared to answer them (because they knew that Socrates would probably ask another question on top of the first question if they were able to answer it), or they were just to confused to answer the question Socrates had asked. When Socrates referred himself to a gadfly, it opened up a window to new generations of philosophers who, acted like gadflies themselves. Everywhere we look, we see humanitys philosophical side waking up. People nowa days are asking more questions. I think one of the biggest philosophical questions is where did we come from? Why are we here? What is the meaning of life? From Socrates, we have learned a way to ponder these questions and to come up with our own answers. The role of philosophy is important because people need to ask questions to understand life and reality and what is going on around them. I think that asking questions and trying to find the answers to them makes our souls grow and be healthy. We need a healthy soul to be alive. Socrates wanted people to not be ignorant because he said that was unhealthy for the soul. The only way to not be ignorant is to ask questions. And that is exactly what Socrates did. I think that the whole ordeal of Socrates says that the conduct of philosophy changes. Philosophers conduct themselves in a manner to which they are essential and irreplaceable because of their minds, they have a great presence about them, and they dont criticize others for their beliefs, except for Socrates. On the other hand, people who listen to philosophers or go against them, sometimes are rude, they are ignorant, and they dont understand the point a philosopher is trying to make. The conduct of philosophy depends on the person and how they view things. The conduct of philosophy is like the conduct of gadflies because many people get annoyed by the philosophers because of their questions. By how in depth the questions are and by how many questions the philosophers ask. Some people think that philosophers are bothersome. In conclusion, I think all of these things and other things help to define what philosophy is today. If we didnt have people like Socrates and Plato and other great philosophers, where would we be to day in the realm of philosophy? Would people actually want or learn to question certain subjects? I think that if they hadnt ever been born, then we wouldnt think for our selves, or think great thoughts. We would be living in a pretty boring world.

Essay --

Tribal Rights and Sovereignty of the Yakama Nation and Klamath Tribes Quinn Buchwald AP United States Government, 1st Period Ms. Peck December 17, 2013 The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation is a sovereign Native American tribal entity in Washington State. The tribe's reservation is located in southern Washington State and is east of the Cascade Mountains. The reservation is 2,185.94 square miles and has a population of over 30,000. The tribe itself has almost 11,000 enrolled members. The Yakama Tribe consists of multiple groups of Native Americans, including the Klikitat, Palus, Walla Walla, Wanapam, Wishram, and Yakama. These people have lived here for thousands of years and have developed their own very unique way of life and culture. They belong to a larger cultural group known as the Sahaptin people, who live throughout the Columbia River Basin and Plateau in central, eastern, and southern Washington State and in northern Oregon. The Yakama life style was dependant on their surroundings and environment. They heavily relied on wildlife, game, and fish for their sustenance, and where solely hunter-gatherer societ ies before European and American contact. Due to their close connection and reliance on the environment, the Yakama highly respected nature and were always aware of their impact upon it. They believe that everything has a purpose and an important place in the natural order. With the expansion the United States into the Pacific Northwest and the rapid encroachment of white settlers into their territory, the Yakama signed the "Treaty with the Yakima" with the United States government in 1855. The Yakama people were able to negotiate for many tribal rights due to their strategic and powerful po... ...es: Sovereignty, Ethics, and Data-Sharing Issues." Environmental Health Perspectives 120 (2011): 6-10. Print. The Klamath Tribes. The Klamath Tribes, 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. OFFICIAL SITE OF THE CONFEDERATED TRIBES OF THE YAKAMA NATION. Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation, 2010. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. "A Short History of the Klamath Tribe." A Short History of the Klamath Tribe. The Klamath Tribes, 1985. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. United States. Department of the Interior. National Parks Service. Memorandum on Government-to-Government Relations with Native American Tribal Governments. By William J. Clinton. National Parks Service, 4 May 1994. Web. 16 Dec. 2013. United States. Dept. of State. "Treaty with the Yakima, 1855." Yakama Nation Archives. Print. "YN CHC :: Yakama History." Yakamamuseum.com. Yakama Nation Museum and Cultural Center, n.d. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

Consolidation of Learning

I have come to understand that in order for a student to develop professional nursing skills, he or she needs to have the ability to apply knowledge from theory into practice. This I believe is a fundamental key to the success of becoming a competent nurse. My practice and the invaluable experiences I have gained from my placement, as a nursing student, have enabled me to reflect on the dimensions of nursing practice. I can testify that clinical practice is really an essential component of learning process for any nursing student. My Clinical practice has allowed me to have direct experience with the real world of nursing, to practice the clinical skills required for the job and to learn about the responsibility of the nurse. Reflecting back at my previous semesters, I can begin to say that my acute clinical experience has served as a wonderful and memorable learning opportunity for me to practise some of the skills that I have learned. I had a lot of mixed feelings going into this clinical because I did not know if I was going to make a difference. And little did I know how much this experience would impact me. As I reflect on this experience, I realised that I finished my clinical not only with more experience than when I started, but with a different aspect of nursing all together. In this paper, I will discuss an in-depth factual experience on my role in caring for a hypertensive patient. I will critically analyze my actions, feelings and strategies that I used to deal with the situation. I will also present how I was able to connect the knowledge that I had gained from my nursing classes and clinical laboratory. Over the course of my clinical placement, I was assigned to different patients with different illness. Caring for these patients has deepened my understanding of the need to develop my intellectual capacity for good clinical judgement and safe decision making. While caring for these patients, I encountered situations that were both positive and negative. Regardless of the outcome of these situations, I believe I have learned one or two things from them. There was a particular event that really stood out for me among the patients that I cared for. The reason why this event stood out is because of the impact it had on my learning. This event helped me to start pulling information from all the resources available to me right on the spot. THE SIGNIFICANT NURSING EVENT I was on an evening rotation on this fateful day. I had done my patient research and ready to carry out my care plan for my patient. Unfortunately, I was not able to implement this care plan because my patient assignment was changed due to staffing issue. An undergraduate nurse was the primary nurse of the same patient that I was assigned to. Due to the policy that I have to be monitored by a registered nurse, my patient assignment was changed. I was then assigned to an eighty two year old woman diagnosed with acute renal failure with history of hypertension. I had very little time to quickly research my patient diagnosis; my primary nurse just gave me brief information on her status. I had to quickly go in to do my initial assessment and take her vital signs. As I approached her room, I was prepared for all reactions, but my patient responded with soaking kindness. I introduced myself, asked her how her day was going and informed her of the care that I will be providing for her. Then I began to perform a head to toe assessment and I explained the rationale of each test and action. My patient would always smile and respond with â€Å"I know that you are a student just do what you gotta do†. Then I began to check her vital signs and realised that her blood pressure was way over the normal range120/80. I was startled, so I decided to check the blood pressure on the opposite arm, just to reaffirm the data obtained previously. This time around I knew I had obtained the same data, which were 180/ 98. I auscultated her lungs fields bilaterally and there was an adventitious sound. I palpated her peripheral pulses for their strength and equality and auscultated her apical pulse rate to check for the rhythm and the quality of heart sound and I could hear an abnormal sound of blood rushing. In this paragraph, I will discuss on my feelings and thinking that took place in the event. Based on my knowledge about the implications of high blood pressure and knowing that she is hypertensive and over eighty years old, that would increase her risk of having stroke or heart attack. I was fearful of handling this patient being my first time of experiencing this situation. Reflecting in action, I began to have a therapeutic conversation with my patient. Understanding my own values and beliefs I composed myself and tried not to sound scared, while I was asking questions regarding how she was feeling. I used all my senses of perception to assess her and asked if she was having chest pain or feeling light headed. My patient complained of being fatigue, a little bit dizzy, and that she was finding it hard to breathe, and then I knew something was certainly wrong. This can be supported by (Quote) At the same time I did not want her to panic or aggravate the situation. I knelt down and checked if there was any urine in her Foley catheter bag, but there was nothing. I asked her when was the last time that her bag was drained and she replied that she was not sure if it was early in the morning or at midnight. Then I noticed that she had edema in her lower extremities, I inspected her legs and palpated the areas of edema, noting the tenderness and pitting. I went on to ask her if she had been going for a walk around the unit and if she knew her blood pressure baseline, and she responded that it’s been very high lately, but for me I was not really satisfied with the data. Certainly my patient was having fluid retention, and other symptoms which might be as a result of her kidney failure or hypertension. Given the assessment and further investigation this was a possible indication of stroke or heart attack. While reflecting in action, I told myself that I needed to act fast as soon as possible because I could not tell what the outcome will look like. According to the Canadian Nursing Association (CNA, 2008) state that nurses should provide safe, compassionate, competent and ethical care. Instantly I knew I had to quickly determine my goal of care for my patient because I was certain that something was wrong. I came up with three goals, firstly I have to make sure that her blood pressure get lowered and controlled. Secondly, make sure that she was having adequate urine output and lastly, encourage her to go for a walk in order to increase her blood flow. In order to achieve these goals I had to find a way to get hold of my primary nurse or instructor, to inform them on what was happening to the patient. Carper, (1978), notes that it is of paramount importance to understand the clinical situation, act timely and appropriately for the good of the patient. This was an opportunity to take what I had learned from my courses and in lab and apply to real situations. I was not really prepared but I was very excited to use my skills and knowledge that I had gained so far from the nursing courses and laboratory. At the same time, I always had it at the back of my mind to always make sure I stay within my scope of practice and also critically think about the care I want to provide to the patient. I excused myself and told my patient that I needed to see my primary nurse. I quickly logged in to the SCM to check her flow sheet and realised that her previous data was 139/85. I checked to see if there was any order or medications if her blood pressure gets beyond certain parameter. I found that an order was made and that if her blood pressure get above 180/100, hydrazaline should be given every four hours and patient should be monitored continuously. I researched the drug class, it usage, side effect and contraindication of hydrazaline, so that I know what I am giving my patient and what I need to watch out for after administration. My findings deepened the knowledge about implications of high blood pressure and what I thought and knew. In response to my findings, I knew for sure that she was having the signs and symptoms of stroke or heart attack. I was really eager to pass on this new information to my primary nurse and instructor. I really felt that I had paid full attention to my patient while performing my head to toe assessment. Tanner (2006) stated â€Å"that clinical judgement is more influenced by what the nurse brings to the situation than the objective data about the situation at hand† (p. 204). I hurried quickly and informed my primary nurse on what was happening, and she came with me to get the medications. As we approached the room the nurse took the patient vitals again, I believe that she needed to confirm the data herself. My nurse got the same data and asked me to administer the medication to the patient. My primary nurse then asked me what my goal of care was for the patient and I responded with what I had planned earlier. I began to evaluate if my intervention was achieved by monitoring my patient’s blood pressure and ensuring that her other vital signs were all in the normal range. About fifteen minutes later, I asked my patient if she was still having the signs and symptoms that she mentioned to me earlier, and she replied that she was feeling much better. Brunners & suddant stressed that educating the patient on self care is a therapeutic regimen that is the responsibility of the patient in collaboration with the nurse. I began to educate my patient on the importance of lifestyle changes and medications to control the blood pressure. I emphasized on the concept of controlling her blood pressure, rather than curing it. I encourage her to develop a plan for weight loss, limit food high in salt and fats and increase intake of fruits and vegetables. It was all a new experience getting to see the symptoms and effects in first hand. Everything makes so much more sense when you get to connect the dots yourself. Although I did not have enough time to research on my patient diagnosis, this experience really impacted my learning because I realised that in the real nursing world, nurses do not have any knowledge about the patient that they will care for. This has really made me reflect on my actions and my future practise. It also made me to really value the learning from the class, clinical labs and evidenced based research. Above all, knowing my patient was very integral to my practice and this event raised some questions for me.

How Many Different Types of Memory System Are There?

Although the belief that memory is composed of several distinct systems is not novel, it is only around the mid 20th century that experimental studies carried out on amnesic patients have started to confirm it (Squire, 2004). This essay will discuss the different types of memory systems that have been found, their distinctions and evidence supporting their existence derived from studies on amnesiacs. Atkinson and Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model suggests that memory is a flow of information processed through three stores (Myers, 2010).The first system called sensory memory (SM) processes mainly visual and auditory information from our environment (Myers, 2010). It is made up of several components associated with each sense and filters information experienced by the senses – iconic SM which receives visual information has a very short retention time of merely a half of a second while echoic SM which receives auditory stimuli has a slightly longer retention time of thr ee to four seconds (Sperling, 1960; Myers, 2010). If attention is brought to sensory information, it is transferred to the next system called short term memory (STM) (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968).This system processes visual and auditory information received from SM for approximately one minute and also temporarily uses retrieved information from the long-term memory for problem-solving (Myers, 2010). Miller’s (1956) study has shown that STM is not only limited in retention duration but also in capacity having on average a storage capacity of seven bits of information whether verbal or numerical (Myers, 2010). The last system is long term memory (LTM), often referred to as the ‘permanent storage’ (Atkinson & Shiffrin, 1968).As its name suggests, it has unlimited capacity to store a vast amount of information such as motor skills, language, autobiographical and factual information (Baddeley, Eysenck, & Anderson, 2009). The three basic memory stores are distinct from each other in terms of encoded information, capacity and duration of information retention (McLeod, 2007). One of the strongest evidence to support this distinction lies in Murdock’s (1962) experiment – when presented with a list of words, the tendency was that the participants would more likely recall the first words (primacy effect) and the last words (recency effect) than the words in the iddle of the list (Myers, 2010). This is known as the serial position effect whereby the first words are recalled since they have been transferred to LTM and the last words were still accessible in STM (Myers, 2010). However, the middle words were present for too long to be in the STM but not long enough to be encoded in LTM, giving evidence that STM and LTM are two different and separate stores (McLeod, 2008). Research on patients suffering from amnesia also support the multi-store model (Groome, 2006).One classic case is reported by Corkin (1968) about a patient HM who suffered from anterograde amnesia – He was unable to form new memories and lost part of his existing memories (Groome, 2006). However, despite his inability to create new memories, he was still able to have a conversation thus indicating that his STM processes were intact with normal capacity and duration (Wickelgren, 1968 as cited in Groome, 2006). He lost the capacity of only one store hence supporting the idea that STM and LTM are separated (Groome, 2006).Another case is a patient known as KF who suffered damaged to his STM – he was still able to temporarily recall visual information but could not process auditory information which made conversation difficult (Myers, 2010). On the other hand, his LTM processes were retained, again providing evidence that STM and LTM are separated systems (Myers, 2010). Although KF’s case study explicitly provides strong evidence for distinction of STM and LTM, it also questions the idea of having only one STM (Groome, 2006).The damage in KF’s STM seemed to have only affected the echoic and verbal aspects leaving the visual aspects intact (Groome, 2006). This suggests that STM is more complex and has separate stores for visual and auditory processing (Groome, 2006). Based on this finding, Baddeley and Hitch (1974) argued that STM illustrated by the multi-store model is too simplistic (McLeod, 2008). They developed another model of STM known as the Working Memory (WM) which comprised of a two subsystems controlled by the central executive (Groome, 2006).The central executive takes on cognitive processes such as problem-solving while controlling allocation of data to the two subsystems namely Phonological loop (PL) which deals with auditory and speech-based information and visuo-spatial sketchpad (VSS) which, as its name suggests, holds information about visual and spatial information (McLeod, 2008; Groome, 2006). By analyzing in more depth KF’s case study, it is reported that KF had suffered impairme nt of his PL but still had his VSS abilities, hence providing support that STM is not unitary but in fact divided into subsystems (Warrington & Shallice, 1972 as cited in Groome, 2006).Similarly, HM who had an impaired LTM was unable to form new memories but surprisingly could still learn new motor skills although he was not aware that he actually learnt the skills (Groome, 2006). This finding questions the unified nature of LTM and suggests that there are two memory systems (Squire, 2004). McDougall (1924) investigated the term implicit memory which involves unconscious learning and explicit memory which involves learning with consciousness (Graf & Schacter, 1985; Schacter, 1987; Brooks, 2012).Cohen and Squire (1980) suggested that amnesiacs such as HM had an impaired explicit or declarative memory which hindered their abilities to recall previous or make new memories of facts and events (Groome, 2006). They referred implicit memory as procedural memory involved in knowledge of ski lls which would explain why HM could still learn new motor skills (Groome, 2006). According to Tulving, Schacter and Stark (1982), declarative or explicit memory can be further separated into two conscious systems: episodic and semantic memory (Squire, 2004).Episodic memory contains autobiographical contents, is a record of a person’s personal history such as birth dates and deals with past experiences (Tulving 1972; 1993; 2002). In contrast, semantic memory is a storage system of facts, meanings of words and general knowledge of the world such as the capital of cities (Tulving, 1972). Research on memory is arduous and the problems questioned are not easily solved (Tulving, 1985). At the beginning, the answer to the title question would be ‘three’ but when looking into further research based on studies of amnesiacs, the number increased to about approximately ‘seven’.However, being aware of the difficult nature of memory and the limitations of its st udy, the more reasonable and sensible answer would be ‘at least three and probably many more’ (Tulving, 1985). References Atkinson, R. C. , & Shiffrin, R. M. (1968). Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes. In K. W. Spence & J. T. Spense (Eds. ), The psychology of learning and motivation (pp. 13-195). New York, NY: Academic Press. Baddeley, A. D. , Eysenck, M. W. , & Anderson, M. C. (2009). Memory. New York: Psychology Press. Baddeley, A.D. , & Hitch, G. J. (1974). Working memory. In G. A. Bower (Ed. ), Recent advances in learning and motivation (pp. 47-90). New York, NY: Academic Press. Brooks, S. L. (2012). Long-term memory of American Sign Language in a chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes). Master of Science in Interdisciplinary Studies. San Diego State University. Cohen, N. J. , & Squire, L. R. (1980). Preserved learning and retention of pattern-analyzing skill in amnesia: Dissociation of â€Å"knowing how† and â€Å"knowing that? ‘ Science, 210. Milner, B. , Corkin, S. , & Teuber, H. L. 1968). Further analysis of the hippocampal amnesic syndrome: 14 year follow-up study of H. M.. Neuropsychologia, 6. Graf, P. and Schacter, D. L. (1985). Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 11. Groome, D. (2006). An introduction to cognitive psychology: processes and disorders. 2nd ed. New York: Psychology Press. 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Memory systems of the brain: A brief history and current perspective. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 82. Tulving, E. , Schacter, D. L. , & Stark, H. A. (1982). Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 8. Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds. ), Organization of memory (pp. 381-403). New York: Academic Press. Tulving, E. (1985). Memory and consciousness. Canadian Psychology, 26. Tulving, E. (1985). How many memory systems are there? American Psychologist. 40(4). Tulving, E. (1993). What is episodic memory? Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2. Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53.