Plasma Television And LCD Television Essay

Introduction Television technology has continued to evolve to be what it is today since the late 1930s when it was first commercially available. Today the television set has become a very basic household commodity in institutions and homes as source of entertainment and news. The T.V. today has evolved from the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) to such advanced technology like the Plasma and LCD televisions that have taken the world by storm. But what’s the difference between these two latest models? Outwardly the models are almost alike, they are thin and flat. However, they differ in the technology behind them though they deliver almost similar results. (Robert Silva) The technology behind the Plasma television is based on the fluorescent light lamb and the display consists of cells. A narrow gap separates the two glass panels within each cell, where neon-xenon gas is injected and sealed in plasma form in the process of manufacturing. The LCD television on the hand uses a different technology of manufacture. LCD panels that are made of two layers of transparent material are â€Å"polarized† and bound together. (Robert Silva)   A special polymer is coated in one of the layers that hold the various liquid crystals. To create an image, current is passed through each individual crystal, these allows the crystals to pass or block light forming an image. Because the crystals by nature do not produce their own light, external lights like a fluorescent bulb are required to illuminate the created images for visibility. (Robert Silva) LCD television is more expensive than the Plasma television, however most consumers or users are never interested in the technicalities thus do not understand the difference, all they look for is a stylish set to suit their homes. (Robert Silva) REFERENCE Robert Silva: What are the Differences Between an LCD TV and a Plasma TV? Retrieved on 17th March 2008, from http://hometheater.about.com/od/lcdtvfaqs/f/lcdfaq2.htm

Critique Oedipus Rex

Yair Lopez Prof. Madara 2/27/2012 Section 07 Critique of Oedipus Rex Is Oedipus Rex one of the most important pieces of literature of all time? This Athenian tragedy was written by Sophocles and was first performed in 449 BC. This piece is about a king named Oedipus who in the course of the story finds out that he killed his father and married his mother.I enjoyed a lot of parts of this story especially when he made the decision you leave Corinth because he was told about the prophecy and when he was worried about the Thebe’s citizens and wanted to do anything possible to end their suffering; however I was not too excited about the ending of the story. The Story began with Oedipus being surrounded by Thebes’s citizens who were suffering because of a plague that was invading their territory. In order for the plague to be gone an oracle said that the murderer of Laius must be driven out.In a long quest to find Laius’s murderer Tiresias, a blind prophet, reveals to Oedipus that he is the one that killed Laius, who is his father, and married Jocasta, his mother. When they finally found out that the prophecy was right, Jocasta killed herself and Oedipus took his eyes off. This would summarize most important parts of this classic piece. One of the things I liked in this story is the decision of Oedipus of leaving his hometown Corinth because he thought that that way he was going to protect the ones he thought who were his parents (942-957).I personally admired this character’s decision because it is not easy to leave your hometown with the people you love for their own safety. If I was in Oedipus’s predicament I really wouldn’t knew what to do. He proved that he is the kind of person that does whatever it takes for the safety of their love ones and a person with the mentality should be praised. This is one of the events I liked the most in this masterpiece. Another event that I enjoyed was when he cared about his citizens and wanted the plague to be over to end their suffering (249-320).Not too many kings are known for their caring and consideration of their own people, but Oedipus proved that he is not the stereotypical cruel king and he wanted to do everything he could to end his people’s suffering. Nowadays we have in some countries presidents that really care about neither the health nor the life of their citizens. In my opinion, in order to be an admirable leader, that person must care about their people jus like if they were their own family and Oedipus in this is the perfect example of an admirable and honorable leader.With leaders like him this this world would be a better place. This event is the one I most like about this story because we don’t see too many king concerning about their people like Oedipus did. In every story there’s a part that the reader either doesn’t like or knows that something could be better. In my opinion, the end of the story could be a lot b etter than what it is. The story ends with Jocasta committing suicide and Oedipus taking his eyes off (1475-1586). During the whole story I was thinking of how will the story end and was impatiently waiting to read the ending of the story.When I finished reading the story I was disappointed and I started thinking in better endings that this story could have. Every story is always recognized in the way it ends because that’s the part that the reader is always waiting for and the whole reason we read the entire piece is to knoe the end of all the drama. With this being said, a better ending of this story in my opinion would transform this from a good to a great literary piece. This was the only thing I disliked about the story, but unfortunately for me the ending is the most important part of the story.In conclusion, Oedipus Rex is a very entertaining and enjoyable piece of literature who could be a little better by just putting more effort and creativity. The answer to the que stion stated in the introduction is that is definitely one of the best literary pieces ever, but the best of all time is too much for it. However, if I has to recommend a book this one will be without a doubt one of my considerations, especially to a politician, even though I know they will be disappointed with the ending of it. Work Cited Page Oedipus Rex. Vol. 1. Ed. Peter Simon. Second ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company Inc. , 1956. 570-613. Print.

I Sit and Look Out Essay

Walt Whitman, a prominent American anti war poet, who lived during the times of civil war witnessed the condition around him with his own eyes and transformed it into literature which still stands relevant to our lives today. The advent of capitalism during this time and its rapid proliferation brought with itself several ramifications. Human concerns were relegated and principles were sidelined. In response to all the atrocities, the people looked around and turned a blind eye towards them. They stood as detached observers who did not try to bring about a change. The poem ‘ I sit and look out ‘ reflects the 21st century apathy of a modern observer. It is written in free verse and makes use of the effect known as symbolism. The basic tone of the poem is extremely pessimistic and the poet uses strong visual impactful words, which conjure up to create a strong impact as well as a strong apocalyptical imagery in our minds. Right from the beginning of the poem, one can feel the poet’s disillusionment of the things of the world. He states that he sits and looks out upon ‘ all the sorrows of the world, and upon all oppression and shame’. The words used in these first two lines are extremely pessimistic and negative in nature. People in today’s world do many things that are against the normal norms. These deeds are committed due to their deviant behavior. When such people realize their mistakes, they have within themselves a feeling of shame and humiliation, which slowly eats away their soul. Also, the word ‘oppression’ gives us an insight into how humans today oppress fellow human beings for completely futile reasons. This shame and oppression ultimately gives rise to a feeling of sorrow accompanied by extreme distress and regret. He also goes on to say that he hears ‘ secret convulsive sobs from young men, at anguish with themselves, remorseful after deeds do ne’. This refers to the soldiers who have been forced to fight and kill in war for their country. It highlights the extreme mental stress that these young men encounter. In the second quarter of the poem, the poet highlights how women in the world are misused and are treated as mere objects for sexual gratification. He sees ‘ in low life, the mother misused by her children. He states that the ‘mother’ who had gifted her children with a wonderful life and had nourished them is now left to die. She lies alone ‘ dying, neglected and gaunt’. He also sees‘ the wife misused by her husband’ and dubs the husband as ‘ a treacherous seducer of young women’. All this shows us how, despite being in the 21st century, the way the women are treated has not yet changed. Even today, women are the least educated, most oppressed and the most objectified part of the society. Most importantly the poet highlights the callous nature of relationships in t oday’s world and in the new generations. His eyes ‘ mark the ranklings of jealousy and unrequited love ‘which are trying to be hidden. For the poet these are mere sights, and he does not posses any insights regarding them. He also sees ‘ the workings of battle, pestilence, tyranny’. He also talks about martyrs and prisoners. All these are the by products of deadly war. In a gruesome imagine, we imagine sailors throwing out people out of the ship so that more food is left for the remaining. It can be interpreted as the policy of the survival of the fittest. The irony here is that, something that is supposed to life giving (sea/water) is taking the same life away. The final thing that the poet observes is how ‘ arrogant persons’ cast ‘ slights and degradation’ and oppress ‘the poor’ and ‘Negroes’. These people are treated in an inhuman way and are subjected to penury, deterioration and severe repression. The poet sees all this on earth, hears about them and yet remains silent. This last line ‘ see, hear and am silent ‘ is perhaps the most significant line in the poem as it brings out the satirical view of the poet as he scorns the modern observer. The whole poem revolves around the theme of 21st century apathy. It is an indictment on society in general for its inability to facilitate meaningful change within itself. People in today’s world see many wrong things occurring around them. However, they don’t try to make a difference and remain unaffected and indifferent. They seem to be overly pre occupied with their own safety and comforts and have lost their moral sense of empathy. In this poem the poet assumes the role of a representative of the society and condemns our lack of apathy, unwillingness to act and our lack of courage to actually take a stand on theses issues. He chastises the lack of moral valor in humans today, saying that we are too unconcerned to open our eyes to the world around us and make our own decisions. He makes an attempt to inspire emotions of disgust, anger and guilt but perhaps most of all, a sense of motivation. He hopes that this sense of motivation will allow the people to notice the deplorable condition, which they have put  themselves in, and wants them to make an effort to make the world into a much harmonious place. Moreover, The real beauty of this poem is that, though it was written about a hundred years ago, it is still relevant in today’s world.

Catastrophe model of construction dispute negotiation behaviour Essay - 4

Catastrophe model of construction dispute negotiation behaviour - Essay Example Two cases were studied in this investigation which can be analyzed further with the assistance of primary research techniques to better understand what occur internally during the negotiation process. The two cases studies which merit other investigative techniques are the Motor Bus Company and Steel Benders cases. The primary research technique utilize to obtain more information about the cases is a questionnaire. There two types of questionnaires utilized: an initial interview and a follow-up interview. Since the interviews are not performed in person they are categorize as questionnaires. The method of invitation utilized in both cases to invite the members to participate is an online invitation to be sent to the presidents of the respective unions in both cases to learn about the perspective of the workers. In the Bus Company Case the questionnaire will be send to the CEO of the company. In the Steel Benders case the employer will be represented by the owners or general managers of 30 construction companies in Japan. The Motor Bus Company is negotiating a resolution between the firm and the employees of the company. Both parties involved in the negotiation have claims regarding the terms of the proposed contract. The first question of the questionnaire seeks to obtain the desired terms in order to renegotiate a collective bargaining agreement. The specific position of each party will reveal the alternative offer to obtain a resolution to the dispute. The second question is a quest to obtain responses and a strategic position in the negotiation process among the people involved in the ordeal. If player A can gain insight about the innate response and acceptance of the offer of player B it can act and propose a counteroffer that may persuade a group to seek an immediate solution to end the dispute. The offer by the company was fair in comparison with the previous, but it was only a bluff since the company felt the workers union

Airport Security, their loop holes and solution proposal Research Paper

Airport Security, their loop holes and solution proposal - Research Paper Example tly, aviation security remains to be one of the current issues of concern as it is a priority for travelers, crew, countries, airports, cargo owners and the airlines. Moreover, it cannot be dispensed that a significant number of people pass via airports. This makes airports to be vulnerable to terrorism, as well as other forms of criminal activities as people interact (Wiener, 1988). More often than not, terrorists have utilized airplane hijacking as a lethal tool to advance terrorism. In this regard, airport security targets preventing threats or potential dangerous conditions from occurring or befalling a country. If airport security works well, the likelihood of penetration of illegal activities, dangerous situations, illegal drugs or threats into a country, place or aircraft is significantly reduced (Bart, 2007). The security at airports is crucial for various purposes: first, it protects the airports and air craft from potential risks. This way, airport security serves to assure the safety of the travelers. Secondly, in protecting the aircraft from potential risks, the airport security also checks on the security of a country. Needless to say, the purpose of aircraft security can be summarized as to prevent harm on aircrafts, passengers and aircraft crew, as well as, offer support to counter-terrorism policies and national security (Bart, 2007). The first terrorist incident on travelers on board was the Cubana Flight 455 incident that occurred in 1976. The Cubana flight had just left Barbados and was headed for Jamaica when it was brought down by a terrorist attack. In the incident, seventy three civilians lost their lives. The attack was linked to Cuban anti-Castro exiles that had a connection with the Central Intelligence Agency, as well as members secrete police from Venezuela (DISIP), which included Luis Posada Carriles. The deadliest airline tragedy that following failed security at the airport to detect a bomb on onboard occurred in 1985 and involved

Chemistry Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Chemistry - Lab Report Example 31). Since acids and bases readily react with each other, it is experimentally quite easy to find the amount of acid in a solution by determining how many moles of base are required to neutralize it. This operation is called titration, and you should already be familiar with it from your work in the Laboratory (Harris 2006, Pg. 06). We can titrate an acid with a base, or a base with an acid. The substance whose concentration we are determining is the substance being titrated; the substance we are adding in measured amounts is the titrant. The idea is to add titrant until the solution has been exactly neutralized; at this point, the number of moles of titrant added tells us the concentration of base (or acid) in the solution being titrated (Harris 2006, Pg. 8). In this schematic reaction, base1 is conjugate to acid1, and acid2 is conjugate to base2. The term conjugate means â€Å"connected with†, the implication being that any species and its conjugate species are related by the gain or loss of one proton. The Arrhenius view of an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce a hydrogen ion. There is a serious problem with this, however: the hydrogen ion is no more than a proton, a bare nucleus. Although it carries only a single unit of positive charge, this charge is concentrated into a volume of space that is only about a hundred-millionth as large as the volume occupied by the smallest atom. Owing to its extremely small size, the proton will be attracted to any part of a nearby atom or molecule in which there is an excess of negative charge. Such places exist on any atom that possesses non-bonding electrons, and here that protons attach themselves to the acceptor atom by forming a shared-electron (coordinate) bond with the lone pair (Silbey 2006, Pg. 42). Interestingly, experiments indicate that the proton does not stick to a single H2 O molecule, but changes

Electro Mcnichael Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Electro Mcnichael - Assignment Example The main electrical systems supplied by the emergency power supply include navigation and communication equipment, emergency lighting, the fire and sprinkler pumps, the water tight doors and lifts, the steer gear and bilge pump. The system is automatically connected to the emergency switchboard and is automatically started if the main power source goes off. The system is always located higher up and outside the engine room spaces. This insulates them from any damage and / or fire to the engine room. Batteries in ships are backup source of power as an emergency system or form part of the standby power system installed to protect property and life from the various consequences of loss of primary power supply. They are an excellent source and store for electrical power since they are used as instant supply source of available energy. They are also used to provide low voltage direct current supply on regular basis to various machines on the deck and engine. Generally, there are two types of batteries used onboard a ship; the lead acid batteries and the alkaline batteries. The Lead – Acid batteries also known accumulators consist of six separate cells in a series and each cell contains a lead peroxide plate as the positive terminal and a lead plate as the negative terminal which are both immersed in dilute sulphuric acid, the two plates are known as electrodes and the sulphuric acid is known as the electrolyte. This whole arrangement is kept in a leak proof casing. The two plates are joined by a wire and this develops a potential across this wire which eventually ensures current starts flowing through it. These batteries develop a total output of 12 volts since each cell in the series has a potential of producing 2 volts. The Lead Acid accumulators used currently has many plates which are interleaved in one cell. For proper insulation the whole arrangement

Contract Law, Exclusion Clause Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contract Law, Exclusion Clause - Coursework Example Some of the examples of service contracts are providing accounting services , provision of health care , provision of legal services,etc.(Bradgate & White 2007 :211). A service provider who deals with his customer cannot enforce his own printed standard terms of conditions thereby cannot either restrict or exclude his accountability for infringement of contract or offer an incomplete service for which he has to demonstrate that exclusion clause is in line with â€Å" test of fairness or reasonableness.† If he has not taken any reasonable skill or exercise reasonable care, he will be held liable under â€Å"negligence† under the common or contractual law. The act of negligence engrosses any infringement under common law or any contractual duty to exercise reasonable skill or to show reasonable care. This study will analyse whether by including an exclusion clause in a service contract, a party to contract can avoid the liability for any loss caused by the negligence. Exc lusion Clause and Negligence In UK, service contracts do contain limitation or exclusion clauses. Sometimes, these limitation clauses are upheld in the case law. As regards to exclusion clauses pertaining to liability in a contract and in tort are normally valid only if they are rational which connotes in consideration with both contracting parties at the juncture of contract is made as per the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. An exclusion clause is like a double -edged sword since it will be construed against the party who relies on it as held in Curtis v.Chemical Cleaning Co. 1 (Barendrecht 2007 :685). A service contract may contain an exclusion clause thereby one party wants to restrict his accountability for his negligence or infringement of contract. Moreover, such clause can be relied by a party only if it has been included in the said contract, and for the purpose of elucidation, it is applicable to the loss in the question. Its validity will then be interpreted under the â₠¬Å"Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999† and under the â€Å"Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977.† It is to be observed that the above laws are introduced in UK on the basis ofEU Unfair Consumer Contract Terms Directive. (Lawson 2011:57). A party desirous to trust on the exclusion clause must demonstrate that it is part and parcel of the contract. Through by a notice or by signature or through the process of dealing, an exclusion clause can be inserted in the contract. For exclusion of any liability for negligence, there should be clear words in a contract as held in White v John Warwick2. (Taylor & Taylor: 136). A service supplier is accountable under the statute only for not taking rational care in the provision of service. In normal parlance, there exists no implicit responsibility to accomplish any given outcome by a supplier of service and if a buyer wishes to have such undertaking, it should be provided in the service contract as an express term. (Bradga te & White2007:212). Under s2 (2) of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977?accountability for any other variety of damage or loss can be kept out provided the notice or term fulfils the prerequisite of reasonableness. A service provider cannot control or exclude his accountability in negligence for loss originating from defects in services provided for either consumption or for private use by means of notice or term included in a guarantee. In an action of

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Report - Essay Example Customer service is a process used by the organisations to provide customers with the needs and wants. The travel and tourism industry is one which is very large and there is a high level of direct customer interaction in this industry. Over the years, with the level of disposable income rising in the country, the customers are able and willing to spend more on various services related to travel and tourism and various researches have highlighted that customers are able to spend heavily on their travel and tourism needs. Saying this is also important to understand, that with an increase of the number of people indulging in the travel and tourism, the need for customer service has also grown to a higher extent. The travel industry requires to follow the ABTA rules. The main aim of the ABTA policies is to ensure that all the members of the travel industry and that all the customers and the members of the travel industry are provided with high levels of quality and customer service. All the travel related companies need to follow the rules set down by the ABTA and are obliged to follow the rules and regulations and policies set down by the ABTA. Customer Service is an essential part of Customer relationship management. Customer relationship management, which is widely known as CRM holds an enormous importance in today’s competitive world. This is clear from the several different mission statements and the vision statements that are presented by the companies across the world. An excellent example for the mission statements is, ‘It is the policy of McDonnell & Miller to provide products and services to the market which meet or exceed the reasonable expectations of our customers. Satisfying our customers with the appropriate level of quality is a primary goal and a fundamental element of our business mission’ (Mission Statements, 2010). Various changes have

Strategic Fit between HR Strategy and Business Essay

Strategic Fit between HR Strategy and Business - Essay Example Strategic fit is basically related to a review of organizational resources in consideration of the fact that the important aspect to profitability is not only achieved by industry selection and positioning, but also through a strategy that seeks to utilize resources and capabilities. Capabilities and resources, which have unique characteristics, are matched to develop a competitive advantage in the long run. Fit as Strategy Integration Fit as strategy integration provides organizations with assess criteria with which integrations transactions may be optimized for achieving production frontier before, during, and after integration. The strategy elaborates how well an organization can meet the merger criteria without compromising on performance success. Organizations under mergers process and plans need to put into consideration smooth operations in merging deals, alongside maintaining successful asset combination production through strategy. Strategy integration comes in handy to enab le organizations to effectively manage added asset combination value and leverage positioning. Strategy integration, alongside due diligence, goes a long way in maintaining an organization’s profitability during mergers (Gleich, Kierans & Hasselbach, 2010, p.5). Strategy integration allows an organization to exercise more control performance measures and value added integration, rather than mere integration that may compromise on performance. Backward strategy integration may be undertaken to enable organizations access needed raw materials from a more dependable source. On the other hand, forward integration strategy enables a manufacturing company to build a more reliable market to its products. The integration strategy also allows an organization to gather more control on how it sells products and services and pursue product differentiation to build competitive advantage. The strategy generally outlines a clear perspective on what particular activities organizations should engage in with relation to its situations and visions to achieve increased profitability and success (Tan, 2002, p.48). The processes enable an organization to evaluate viability of mergers prior to proceeding with the transactions. More so, the process seeks to establish best practices that would enable growth, improvement, and attainment of better profitability prospects, alongside possible performance success obstacle identification and elimination. Strategic fit basically enables organizations to successfully launch merger integration amidst continued present successes, value added asset combination, and long-term performance success. Through strategic fit, organizations are able to optimize available technologies, human resources, and operation systems. Fit as an Ideal Practice Strategic fit is the best practice between human resource and business, although a number of practices may still be wanting for an organization. The human resource is widely actualized for its commitmen t and competencies that need to be governed by strategic focus that forms the best practice available. Through strategy, the organization is able to actualize its potentials with regards to complexities and multiple dimensions involvement of organizational human resource capabilities matched with available resources. Considering

Introduction to Personality Paper Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Personality Paper Essay This paper will discuss and explain the influences that contribute to personality development. The following paragraphs will include information that examines theoretical approach that is used to study personality development. This paper will also analyze the many different types of environmental and biological factors that play a role in personality development. But first we must know what personality is. As many theorist have tried so hard to define over the years there still is no one answer that everyone can agree on. So what exactly is personality? Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. Traits contribute to individual differences in behavior, consistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior across situations. Traits may be unique, common to some group, or shared by the entire species, but their pattern is different for each individual. Thus each person, though like others in some ways, has a unique personality. Characteristics are unique qualities of an individual that include such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence (Feist, J., Feist, G. J.2009). So basically personality consists of set of characteristics that manifest into certain behaviors that a person may ordinarily display. Factors that Influence Personality The following paragraphs will include information on the wide variety of environmental and biological influences that contribute to the development of a person’s unique personality. Some argue that heredity plays a significant role in how personality types are developed. Some say that perception is the main influence on personality development. The role of perception and cognitive development plays a significant role in how a young child views themselves in the world. Some children that come from broken homes see the world in a different light because their home life is unstable in some way making them feel insecure about themselves and the people around them. For example, If an impressionable child is constantly told they are stupid or bad then it may become a self fulfilling prophecy if they take on that type of negative thinking thus shaping their pessimistic characteristics. That is why parenting is such an important and critical role to play and in order to raise healthy and well rounded children a parent must needs to be strict yet supportive and loving. Socializing is another important part of child rearing as well. Even though parenting practices all over the world vary in so many ways, the ways in which girls and boys are socialized are always different to some extent. For example, boys are quickly introduced to their responsibilities and roles that they will play as a young man and these learned behaviors will carry on into adulthood. However, regardless of what a child is taught by their parents, in some cases it does not matter what they were taught certain events, experiences, and environmental factors can shape and alter personality development. The Theoretical Approach In order to understand the theoretical approach we must first recognize what makes a good theory. When analyzing personality there are many factors to take into consideration. One of the main two theories circle around personality development theories is the well known debate of nature versus nurture. Some theorists argue that nurturing plays a more significant role in personality development than the nature of a person based on heredity and other biological predispositions. Sigmund Freud is a popular name in psychoanalytic theories because he believed that sex and aggression were the basic motivational forces for human behavior. Freudian theories emphasized how our subconscious desires are contributors to our personality through our egos. All theorist can agree on one thing personality development is a very complex process that is influence by many external and internal factors. Alfred Adler had a significant influence on many theorists that came after him with his theories that mad e a great deal of sense. One of the tenants for the first theory is that the main source of motivation stems from the need to achieve success and even superiority (Adler, 1964). Many people can agree with this because that is what gets them out of bed in the morning even though they are still tired. The second theory was that people perceptions shaped how they viewed the world and themselves. I find this one very interesting as people are defined as normal or acceptable based societal norms or standards. Often teenagers change the way they act when they are around their peers and sometimes these changes are permanent. One perspectives and perceptions of people, places and things contribute to how they feel about the world and how they should conduct themselves in it. Social motives of acceptance also feed this theory as well. Organ dialect is another one of Alders terminologies used when describing body language. For example the elderly man with shaking hands struggling to open a jar may express to someone watching to step in and help him faster than words can say. Adler recognized how the individual personality operates in ways that are consistent with their motives. Observational learning is a critical aspect to learning and teaching and that does contribute to personal growth and understanding. Adler made it clear that as soon as we recognize that the conscious mind is closely linked to the unconscious mind. Adler states that the conscious life becomes unconscious as soon as we fail to understand it. Environmental influences provided by a child’s parents helps to contribute to their social interests which directly influence a child’s early socialization skills. Infancy is an intricate process of social development mainly developed through the relationship between the relationships with the mother or another mother like caretaker who possessed some level of social interest in the infants well being. The seeds of social desires are planted during infancy (Adler, 1964). Conclusion There is no single definition of personality however, all theorist agree that early childhood development contributes to the type of personality that a person develops. Many factors like heredity and environment contribute to ones individual growth and shape their perception as they mature. Overall personality can be identified through behavior patterns and characteristics that are linked to those behaviors. Individual perceptions of what is right and wrong contribute to the development of morale and values that affect personality. Many factors make up the full picture of what is a person’s true personality but overall it depends on perceptions and motives those two factors produce behaviors that become more and more consistent as desires are fulfilled in the lifelong pursuit of happiness. References Theories of personality (Adler, 1964). Retrieved from https://portal.phoenix.edu/classroom/coursematerials/psy_405/20130108/OSIRIS:43747563 Feist, J., Feist, G. J. (2009). Theories of personality (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Retrieved from https://portal.phoenix.edu/classroom/coursematerials/psy_405/20130108/OSIRIS:43747563

Leadership Essay Example for Free

Leadership Essay Values of great leaders can be found in various types of people. People who are of different ethnicities and are from different points of the world have shown to have unusual characteristics of leadership. There were many different approaches developed in studying leadership, one being the trait approach. The trait approach is based on the presumption that leaders are not developed into the leadership role but born with the characteristics of leadership that permits them to be great leaders. It has been discovered that there are strengths and also weaknesses within the trait approach relating to studying leadership. Strengths From a trait approach, there are many strong characteristics in leadership. A big role of a leader’s success is their personality. Their personality allows them to be effective when interacting with other people. Sometimes it takes a leader’s personality to set or change the tone in a work place, helping to create a positive mood and encouraging an environment of motivation to succeed and goal achievement. High energy, optimistic, a strong motivator, the ability to communicate and constancy are signature abilities that are believed to be recognized in the trait approach which aids a leader to be successful driven and adaptable (American Library Association , 1997-2013) Although this trait has been known to be very valuable in a successful leader it is has also been said that, â€Å"this massive research effort failed to find any traits that would guarantee leadership success. (Gary Yukl, page 13, 2010)† Weaknesses Although a personality has the ability to be effective it also has the ability to be  ineffective as well. A leader’s personality can be felt as being too strong and overwhelming at times causing some resistance and rebelling to take place with the followers. Many employees function on different learning levels in the workplace. If a supervisor leads with a sense of expectancy, his expectations may be seen as little high by the employees which in turn may damage the positive work environment. Also a supervisor’s personality can be taken as negative one if they do not take the employees’ feelings into consideration. To believe that a great supervisor is born with the leadership traits means that, as a company, the employees cannot be developed or effective in the workplace. When a company refrains from filling management positions from the inside of the company, employees can began to believe that they are in a glass ceiling environment. Creating future leaders within the company has been proven to build the morale of the employees. Conclusion Many abilities that identify great leaders have been found through the trait approach. Although these abilities are good, leadership is not limited by them. It has been exemplified through President Obama that in life, being a leader can be learned. President Obama was not born a leader, but through education and leadership experiences, he now has the ultimate leadership position in this country. Knowing this to be true, other approaches to studying leadership were developed such as the situational approach, the integrative approach, the behavior approach, and the power-influence approach.

Hazards In Sewage Treatment Plants Biology Essay

Hazards In Sewage Treatment Plants Biology Essay Wastewater consists of a mixture of domestic sewage which includes waste from sinks, household toilets, showers, washing machines. It also consists of industrial effluent, occasional run-off of surface water and ground water which has infiltrated into the sewers. 99.99% of wastewater consists of water, and 0.01 % of it comprises of dissolved or suspended solid matter (www.fairfield-city.org/wastewater.cfm Date Accessed 14.02.13) 2.1 Wastewater Biology Untreated sewage may contain a number of disease causing organisms including bacteria, viruses, fungus, worms and protozoa (McCunney, 1986; Weldon et al, 2000; Schlosser et al, 1999). Airborne bacteria concentrations are usually very high where sewage is agitated, such as near incoming wastewater inlets and sludge treatment areas (Laitinen et al, 1994). Compare to other areas of a WWTP, a few airborne bacteria have also been found in clean areas such as control rooms (Laitinen et al, 1994). The major route of exposure to these microorganisms is the foecal-oral route (McCunney, 1986). This commonly occurs during eating, drinking, smoking or by touching the face with contaminated hands or gloves (HSE, 1998). Inhalation of aerosols containing microorganisms is not so common. Nevertheless it is an essential method of entry. Skin absorption is less frequent since pathogens only enter skin damaged by cuts, burns, blisters, or puncture wounds (Laitinen et al 1994; McCunney, 1986). The mucous membranes such as in the eyes and nose may also provide a pathway of entry for certain disease causing microorganisms. 2.2 Hazards in sewage treatment plants 2.2.1 Biological Hazards in wastewater Diseases are caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, helminths and fungi which are present in the raw domestic wastewater mainly from human origin and in agricultural wastes. Diseases are also caused by contact with the toxins released by the infectious organisms, by insects or rodents thriving in the sludge drying beds (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1983). The following infectious agents can be found in raw wastewater: Table 2.1: The biological organisms in wastewater Organism Signs Symptoms Bacteria Salmonella Nausea, headache, diarrhea and vomiting; almost always with a fever. Tetanus (lockjaw) Muscular stiffness in jaw, neck. Sweating, fever, difficulty swallowing. Shigella Cramps, diarrhea, fever, bloody stool, nausea, vomiting. Leptospirosis (Weils Disease) Intestinal problems, liver and kidney disease, jaundice. E. coli Diarrhea, vomiting, little or no fever, blood often seen in stool. Tulareisis Chills, fever, swollen lymph nodes, stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting. Yersinia Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain that resembles appendicitis. Viruses Hepatitis A Fever, abdominal pain, nausea, jaundice, dark-colored urine. Hepatitis B Nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, jaundice, joint pain. Hepatitis C Develops slowly, loss of appetite, stomach pain, nausea and vomiting. Jaundice is less common. HIV Destroys immune system, prone to opportunistic infections. Polio Fever, headache, nausea, muscle pain and stiffness, paralysis. Parasites Entameoebahistolytica (amebiasis) Mild nausea, loose stool, abdominal tenderness. In severe cases can spread throughout the body and attack other organs, especially the liver. Giardia lamblia Cramps, weight loss, loose/greasy stool, bloating. Fever is rare. Sources: AFSCME; Utah Dept. of Health. 2.2.2 Virus 2.2.2.1 Hepatitis A A study was carried out to determine whether or not occupational exposure to sewage is associated with a higher seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus. In order to carry out the study about 600 sewage workers in Singapore were tested. The study showed that sewage workers had an increased occupational risk of acquiring HAV infection and should be protected by active immunisation (B. H. Heng, K. T. Goh, S. Doraisingham, and G. H. Quek, 1994). 2.2.3 Bacteria 2.2.3.1 Helicobacter pylori Several studies have shown that there was an increased risk for gastric cancer among sewage workers. During the last decade, the bacterium Helicobacter pylori has appeared as one important risk factor for gastric cancer and is now considered a class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (Rajnarayan R. Tiwari, 2008). 2.2.3.2 Legionella Legionella pneumophiliais usually spread by water aerosols caused either pneumonia or a no pneumonic disease (Pontiac fever). An investigation on American sewage workers found that there was no increased risk of infection with L pneumophilia. But recently some cases of Pontiac fever have been reported in workers exposed to aerosols from a sewage plant in the food industry treating only organic industrial waste. L pneumophilia, similar to that present in the infected workers was cultured from the sludge (Gregersen P, Grunnet K, Uldum SA, Andersen BH, Madsen H. 1999). 2.2.4 Parasites There has been a significant positive association between the finding of protozoa in faeces from sewage workers and the duration of exposure to sewage, (Knobloch J,Bialek R,Hagemann J. Intestinaler Protozoenbefall durchberufsbedingten Abwasserkontakt,1983). It has been reported that the prevalence of infestation with intestinal parasites was decreased by adopting good hygienic practices (Schlosser, O., et al, 1999). An increased risk for giardiasis has been reported among workers in France and Germany (Schlosser et al, 1999; Knobloch J, Bialek R, Hagemann J. Intestinalerb Protozoenbefallb durchberufsbedingtenb Abwasserkontakt,1983; Doby JM, Duval JM, Beaucournu JC.Amibiase, 1980; Clark CS, Linnemann CC, Clark JG, Gartside PS.1984; Sullivan R, LinnemannJr CC, Clark CS, Walzer PD.1987).An increased incidence of Entamoebahistiolytica has been reported in sewage exposed workers in France, but not in Germany (Bialek R, Hagemann J. Intestinaler Protozoenbefalldurchberufsbedingten Abwasserk ontakt. Dtsch Med Wochenschr, 1983; Doby JM, Duval JM, Beaucournu JC.Amibiase, 1980). 2.3 Chemical Hazard Wastewater contains a great amount of industrial contaminants which may harm those people who come into contact with sewage. According to the Pennsylvania DEP, methane and carbon dioxide were the most common chemical byproducts of wastewater. If found in a small enclosed space with a quantity of sewage, these gases could crowd out oxygen and asphyxiate anyone trapped in the area (Nellie J.Brown, 1997). Sewage workers were also exposed to gases such as hydrogen disulfide, methane, ammonia and carbon monoxide. Watt and his colleagues carried out a study on 26 sewer workers exposed to smell and it was found that 53.8% developed sub-acute symptoms including sore throat, cough, chest tightness, breathlessness, thirst, sweating and irritability. Severity of symptoms seemed to be dose related (Watt MM, Watt SJ, Seaton A. 1997). 2.4 Physical Hazard Physical hazards were caused due to exposures to excessive noise levels from mechanical equipment, UV radiation and adverse weather such as low or high temperature, and rain. (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1998) 2.5 Ergonomic Factors Musculoskeletal injuries were caused by over exertion during handling heavy loads, such as containers of chemicals, or by awkward working postures including frequent bending (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1983). Sewage workers have reported osteoarthritic problems and intervertebral disc herniation which are the common spinal disorders (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1970). An investigation was carried out by Friedrich on 255 sewage workers to determine the occurrence of spinal troubles (i.e., neck, upper back and lower back pain [LBP]). He reported that the 12-month prevalence rates of neck, upper back and LBP were 52.4%, 54.8% and 72.8%, respectively. He concluded that the occurrence of spinal troubles and work disability due to LBP increased with age, weekly duration of stooping, lifting and higher abnormal illness-behavior scores (Friedrich M, Cermak T, Heiller I, 2000). 2.6 Psychosocial and organizational factors Discomfort and psychological problems were related to prolonged wearing of protective clothing, the bad smells of the wastes, the feeling of working with soiled liquids in a dirty and not too respectable occupation, and to the worries caused by awareness of the dangers of the workplace (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1983). 2.7 Accidental hazards Accidental hazards which occurred in wastewater treatment plants included the followings: Slips and falls on floors made slippery by water, aqueous solutions or solvents. Falls into ponds, pits, clarifiers or tanks causing injuries or drowning. Hazards related to entry into confined spaces. Suffocation can occur due to oxygen shortage, poisoning such as hydrogen sulfide. Burns, by steam or hot vapors, by splashes of hot plating baths, solvent sand other liquids, by contact with hot surfaces (e.g., annealing ovens), Electric shock caused by contact with faulty electrical equipment and cables. Cuts and pricks by sharp tools sharp edges. Injuries especially of eyes caused by flying particles, in particular from rotating brush cleaning or wheel grinding. Fire and explosions due to the formation and release of flammable gases such as methane, hydrogen during processing. Strong chemical reactions caused by uncontrolled mixing of chemicals For example when mixing water with concentrated sulfuric acid during the preparation of reagents for wastewater treatment. Acute poisoning caused by various chemicals such as gaseous chlorine present in the wastes which is used as reagents, or released during the treatment. Acute intoxication caused if mistakenly drank untreated wastewater. Poisoning by phosgene, this may be formed if a worker smokes in the presence of chlorinated-solvent vapors, or if welding or other flames or arcs are used. Chemical burns by corrosive liquids. Damage to eyes by splashes of irritating or corrosive liquids (ILO Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 1998). At a sewage treatment plant in Homeballe in Kimberley,five men aged between thirty and fifty who were repairing the pipes had lost their lives after drowning in a bay. It was believed that they may have gone unconscious due to the toxic fumes from the sewage and the area that they were in then filled up with water and sewage causing all five men to then drown (Jonckie on November 6th, 2012). 2.8 Health problems of workers at the treatment plant 2.8.1 Effects on skin and mucous membranes among the workers Many sewage workers have reported skin disorders (Lundholm M, Rylander R, 1983; Scarlett-Kranz JM, Babish JG, Strickland D, Lisk DJ, 1987) and inflammation of the eyes (Lundholm M, Rylander R, 1983; Mattsby I, Rylander R., 1978).After an accidental exposure to dust containing sludge, several incinerator workers at a sewage treatment plant in Toronto, Canada were affected by irritant contact dermatitis (Nethercott JR, 1981). 2.8.2 Effects on the nervous system Studies have also revealed that central nervous system symptoms such as headache, unusual tiredness, and concentration difficulties have been found among the sewage workers. In addition, an increased risk for non-specific work related gastrointestinal symptoms was found among the sewage workers (J Thorn, L Beijer, R Rylander, 2002). 2.8.3 Respiratory symptoms Several studies have been done to study the respiratory function of sewage workers. All of them demonstrated that respiratory symptoms such as chronic bronchitis and toxic pneumonitis were common among these workers (J Thorn, L Beijer, R Rylander, 2002). Moreover, abnormal respiratory functions which arose due to exposure to endotoxins and airborne bacteria by way of bio aerosols were also discovered in those sewage workers. Furthermore, Zuskin et al. reported that sewage workers were exposed to different occupational noxious agents, which may lead to the development of chronic lung function changes (Zuskin E, Mustajbegovic J, Schachter EN, 1993). 2.9 Health Safety of workers According to OSHA, the employer should give the worker: Training and education about the hazards present at the wastewater treatment plant. A place onsite with clean water for washing hands A place to wash and clean up after work. The right PPE, such as gloves, goggles, a face shield, water-resistant suit, or respirator, depending on the job type. Clean areas for eating and smoking. Cleaning facilities or services for clothing and equipment. (If clothing is badly soiled, change out of it. Keep equipment clean to limit your exposures to the disease-causing agents (Anon, 2004). 2.9.1 Safety of workers In wastewater treatment plants, engineering controls and work practices are the best ways to protect workers from exposures to disease. When engineering controls are not possible, the use personal protective equipment (PPE) is encouraged (Anon, 2004). 2.9.1.2 Engineering controls Engineering controls remove or reduce the hazard either by initial engineering design specifications or by applying methods such as substitution, isolation or ventilation (Raterman, 2002). 2.9.1.3 Administrative control Administrative controls that minimise employees exposures by scheduling reduce work times in contaminant areas, good work practices and employee training. Appropriate training which includes hazard recognition and work practices specific to the employees job that can help reduce exposures are given (Raterman, 2002). 2.9.1.4 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal Protective Equipment means any equipment intended to be worn or held by an employee and which protects him against risk to his health or safety. It includes: (a) Any addition or accessory designed to meet that objective; and (b) Clothing affording protection against the weather; (Occupational Safety and Health act, 2005) Workers handling sewage are provided with proper PPE. The following PPE are recommended for workers handing sewage: Goggles: to protect eyes from splashes of human waste or sewage. Protective face mask or splash-proof face shield: to protect nose and mouth from splashes of human waste or sewage. Liquid-repellent coveralls: to keep human waste or sewage off clothing. Waterproof gloves: to prevent exposure to sewage. Rubber boots: to prevent exposure to sewage.(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002). 2.9.1.5 Training for Workers All workers who handle sewage receive training. The training should include information on basic hygiene practices; use and disposal of personal protective equipment; proper handling of sewage; signs and symptoms of the different types of diseases present; and ways in which diseases can be transmitted. Workers are also advised to immediately seek medical attention if displaying any signs or symptoms such as vomiting, stomach cramps and watery diarrhea (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2002). 2.10 Hygiene Practices 2.10.1 Hygiene Hygiene is the association of human sciences, professions, technologies and disciplines for the purpose of protecting the health of individuals and community from any harmful exposure (Goldner, 2009). The science of hygiene comprises of disciplines, microbiology, parasitology, immunology, toxicology, entomology, pharmacology, environmental health including geography, topography, and engineering, all with a view to limit, inhibit, or block sources and characteristics that deter from normal living. 2.10.2 Hygiene at Work Protecting workers against disease, ill-health or impairment due to chemical, microbiological and physical health hazards, not only during, but after work, has been the traditional goal of occupational hygiene. Prevention of occupational diseases emanating from the workplace due to toxic exposures has been one of the primary roles (Pityn, 2007). A well planned and properly executed sanitation program for the workplace is of great importance for both the workers and the employers as it helps a company to attain better productivity in a safer work place and it ensures good working conditions for the workers. 2.11 Medical surveillance According to Occupational Safety and Health act, health surveillance should be provided to employees who are exposed to potentially hazardous substance. The medical surveillance should be free of charge and should be carried out at intervals of not less than once every 6 months or at shorter intervals as the medical practitioner may advise. (Occupational Safety and Health act 2005). 2.12 The role of Waste Water Management Authority (WMA) The WMA manages the public sewerage system which consists of 515 km of sewer network, 19 treatment plants and 50 pumping stations with the main treatment plants located at St-Martin, Grand-Baie, Baie-du-Tombeau, and Montagne Jacquot. The Wastewater Management Authority (WMA) has been established as a corporate body under the Wastewater Management Authority Act to be responsible for all matters relating to the collection, treatment and disposal of wastewater. It operates as an autonomous organization under the aegis of the Ministry of Renewable Energy and Public Utilities. The WMA thus plays an important role in the protection of the environment and in ensuring the countrys sustainable development by the provision of appropriate water pollution standards, wastewater control systems and management services to the entire population of Mauritius (www.gov.mu Accessed on 16.12.12). 2.13 The purpose of this study The general aim of the present study is to identify the general conditions of workers, the possible communicable and non-communicable disease which may affect the workers, the different types of symptoms experienced by the workers at the workplace, the personal protective equipment provided to the workers and the potential risk that can affect the workplace. In addition, information collected from the survey shall broaden the knowledge of sewage workers in regards to the harmful effects of sewage on health.

Cuban Missile Crisis Essay -- essays research papers

A Geopolitical View on the Cuban Missile Crisis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the course of the twentieth century, the United States has made some crucial decisions in regard to foreign policy. When the President of the United States looks to his advisors and policymakers to decide what course of action to take, he must weigh all of the different variables. One of the most important variables that influence foreign policy decision making is the geopolitical view. A geopolitical variable takes into account a country's geography and physical terrain and how that relates to certain foreign policymaking decisions. In the early 1960's, President Kennedy's decision to institute a naval blockade around Cuba was carefully made with full knowledge of the geopolitical variables. Throughout the Cuban Missile Crisis, the geopolitical variables greatly influenced President Kennedy's decision to institute the naval blockade which eventually ended the Crisis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Cold War was one of the most difficult times for foreign policymakers in the United States. In September of 1962, the Soviet Union began deploying medium-range nuclear missiles to Cuba. The strategic plan of the Nikita Khrushchev was to have Soviet nuclear missile sites ninety miles off the coast of the United States to serve as military threat. When a United States U-2 spy plane brought back photographs of these missile sites in Cuba on October 15, 1962, U.S. military leaders acted immediately....

The Fixer Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bernard Malamud

During the early 1900’s, the world underwent an antisemitic coup that was treated differently throughout all countries. Life for Jews in Eastern Europe, during the early 1900’s, was characterized by oppression, segregation, limited occupations, and extreme racism. They were not allowed to marry out side their race and people were willing to show their hatred (anti-Semitism) via decals or pins such as the two-headed eagle of the Black Hundreds on Mr. Maximovitch. In his novel The Fixer, Malamud tells the story of Yakov Bok, a Jew born in Russia during the very early 1900’s. Aspiring to a good future, he leaves his home for Kiev to start a new life. While living here he must hide his cultural background, even though he doesn't believe in God anymore, to protect any chance of a promising future. It is when he is blamed for a murder that he struggles to find God again and begins to question his life choices. The major themes of the book are segregation, str uggle with religion, striving for freedom, and extreme racism, which are expressed through Yakov Bok’s life. In The Fixer, Malamud recreates the story of Mendel Belis, a Jew who is living in Keiv and is framed for the murder of a young christian boy. The book is written in a limited third person view as it follows the life of Yakov Bok. He is a poor Jew barley getting buy on his work who leaves his home in hope to make a newer and better life in Kiev. Yakov expresses his goal to his farther-in-law when he says â€Å"All I have now in this miserable town is a beggarly existence. Now, I'll try Kiev. If I can live there decently, that's what I’ll do. If not, I’ll make sacrifices, save up, and head to Amsterdam for a boat to America. To sum it up, I have little, but I h... ...cist as he doesn't allow Yakov to do anything and only keeps hurting him. He chains him to the bed, attempts to poison him, and emotionally beats him with strip searches and starvation. In Yakov’s attempt to leave his him and strive for a new, more enjoyable life, he actually made a life of pain and suffering. Yakov blames his religion for what happened with him, but the truth of him going to jail could had been a sign for him to re find his religion. His farther-in-law said his religion will help him and even though he had to face the racism and segregation for all life, it was his religion that brought into view his freedom dream. Malamud tried to make a point through Yakov’s life that even through the worst treatment in the world and the possibility of death, having faith could lead you to this other door of freedom and the true life you always wanted. The Fixer Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bernard Malamud During the early 1900’s, the world underwent an antisemitic coup that was treated differently throughout all countries. Life for Jews in Eastern Europe, during the early 1900’s, was characterized by oppression, segregation, limited occupations, and extreme racism. They were not allowed to marry out side their race and people were willing to show their hatred (anti-Semitism) via decals or pins such as the two-headed eagle of the Black Hundreds on Mr. Maximovitch. In his novel The Fixer, Malamud tells the story of Yakov Bok, a Jew born in Russia during the very early 1900’s. Aspiring to a good future, he leaves his home for Kiev to start a new life. While living here he must hide his cultural background, even though he doesn't believe in God anymore, to protect any chance of a promising future. It is when he is blamed for a murder that he struggles to find God again and begins to question his life choices. The major themes of the book are segregation, str uggle with religion, striving for freedom, and extreme racism, which are expressed through Yakov Bok’s life. In The Fixer, Malamud recreates the story of Mendel Belis, a Jew who is living in Keiv and is framed for the murder of a young christian boy. The book is written in a limited third person view as it follows the life of Yakov Bok. He is a poor Jew barley getting buy on his work who leaves his home in hope to make a newer and better life in Kiev. Yakov expresses his goal to his farther-in-law when he says â€Å"All I have now in this miserable town is a beggarly existence. Now, I'll try Kiev. If I can live there decently, that's what I’ll do. If not, I’ll make sacrifices, save up, and head to Amsterdam for a boat to America. To sum it up, I have little, but I h... ...cist as he doesn't allow Yakov to do anything and only keeps hurting him. He chains him to the bed, attempts to poison him, and emotionally beats him with strip searches and starvation. In Yakov’s attempt to leave his him and strive for a new, more enjoyable life, he actually made a life of pain and suffering. Yakov blames his religion for what happened with him, but the truth of him going to jail could had been a sign for him to re find his religion. His farther-in-law said his religion will help him and even though he had to face the racism and segregation for all life, it was his religion that brought into view his freedom dream. Malamud tried to make a point through Yakov’s life that even through the worst treatment in the world and the possibility of death, having faith could lead you to this other door of freedom and the true life you always wanted.

LBJs Great Society Essay -- Lyndon B. Johnson LBJ American Politics

When Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded the presidency after John F. Kennedy's assassination he spoke of his vision of a Great Society in America. This Great Society included "an end to poverty and racial injustice," and also was intended to turn America into a place where kids can enhance their mind, broaden their talents, and people could restore their connection with the environment. In order to reach his goal, LBJ enacted numerous proposals involving taxes, civil rights, poverty, and much more. For the most part Johnson did an excellent job on delivering his promises, but international affairs threatened the Great Society and although LBJ won the presidency in a landslide victory in 1964, by 1966 he and the Supreme Court began to face serious criticism. The one of the first passed in 1964 was the Tax Reduction Act which cut by about $10 billion the taxes mainly paid by conglomerates and well-to-do. Another major characteristic of the Great Society was civil rights. In 1964 the Civil Rights Act barred discrimination in public places, any federally aided program, and most employment. ...

Ratio Analysis on Spinning Industry Ltd

Profile of Apex Textile Complex Apex Spinning & Knitting Mills Limited Apex Lingerie Limited Apex Textile Printing Mills Limited Apex Yarn Dyeing Limited    Contact persons:    Zahur Ahmed PhD, Managing Director; [email  protected] com Shahriar Ahmed, Director Operations; [email  protected] com    Marketing & Merchandizing For knitwear: Ershad Ullah Khan, GM; [email  protected] com MD. Mushahed Alam, Manager; [email  protected] com Belal Hossain, Manager; [email  protected] com , For Lingerie and Underwear: Shahnaz Begum Zharna (Ms), AGM; [email  protected] om Nasima Begum (Ms), AGM; [email  protected] com Apex Holdings Limited Head office: Rupayan Golden Age (5th & 6th Floor) 99 Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh Telephone: 880-2-9883358 Fax: +880-2-8810850 or 9861685 WWW. apexknitting. com; apexlingerie. com; apextextileprinting. com Factory: Mouza: Chandora, P. O. : Shafipur, District: Gazipur Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings Introduction: Apex Textile Complex consists of four 100% export oriented textile and Garment manufacturing enterprises under the management of Apex Holdings Limited (AHL).Over the years the companies under AHL have built an enviable reputation of being a reliable vendor of consistent high quality, on time delivery and compliance with international labor laws & environmental standards. Companies under AHL have been supplying textiles to several large retail chains in the European Union and north America for the last 20 years and enjoy prominent status with them. Our reputation is based on the simple philosophy that â€Å"consistent high quality, on-time delivery and competitive price are the essence of long term relationship in export business†. The Textile complex is made up of 1.Apex Spinning & Knitting Mills Limited; year of establishment 1991 Vertical operation, Fabric to garments; 2 . 2 – 2 . 3 million pcs/month knit-garments 2. Apex Lingerie Limited; year of establishment 1999 Vertical operation, Fabric to garments; 1. 8 – 2. 0 million pcs/month bra 3. Apex Textile Printing Mills Limited; year of establishment 2006 Vertical operation, Fabric to garments; 1. 0 – 1. 2 million pcs/month knit-garments and 3. 4 to 3. 6 million pcs/month of underwear (men’s & ladies) 4. Apex Yarn Dyeing Limited; year of establishment 2003 Cotton, polyester & nylon yarn dyeing as well as sewing and embroidery threadsThe AHL textile complex is located in a 17 acre fully owned compound, 35 km from Dhaka international airport on Dhaka-Tangail highway. The different units are housed in separate built spaces consisting of about 100,000 square meters. The complex is equipped with prime power (15 MW), steam (45 T/hr), Thermo boiler (75 million BTU), Hot water (from waste heat), Compressed air (2500 cuM/hour), Process water treatment (8. 0 million liter/day), and effluent treatment (8. 0 million liters/day). Along with the production facilities, the complex has a c linic attended by doctors and nurses, childcare facilities.Both these are for workers at free of cost. In addition, there is a large dining area and a subsidized canteen for the workers. 1. Apex Spinning & Knitting Mills Limited Apex Spinning & Knitting Mills Limited (ASKML) is a fully vertical setup to manufacture high quality Knit-garments for Children, Ladies and Men’s, using inhouse fabrics. ASKML is equipped to produce a wide range of solid dyed fabrics and all-over printed fabrics (reactive, disperse, acid and pigments) using a variety of designs provided by the buyer and/or from ASKML’s own design department.The fabric can be circular knit or warp knit, 100% cotton, polyester, nylon or various blends, with or without elastane, yarn dyed or solid dyed, all from in-house source. The 42 sewing lines are equipped to produce garments starting from the basic Page 2 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   children’s items to ladies / menâ€℠¢s hooded sport jackets based on designs and specifications and accessories as required by the buyer. The total production capacity of the ASKML is 2. 2 to 2. million pieces per month, as shown below, with sufficient flexibility to allow 25-40% additional capacity of any one of the items. Infants Pcs / month Children’s Pcs / month 1,500,000 – 1,600,000 Ladies Pcs / month 200,000 – 250,000 400,000 – 450,000 2. Apex Lingerie Limited Apex Lingerie Limited (ALL) has been setup as a fully vertical operation for the sole purpose of manufacturing high quality brassiere. ALL specializes in brassieres using mostly in house fabrics, narrow fabrics ( elastics) etc.Apex Lingerie Limited produces a wide range of styles and designs using a variety of fabrics, lace and accessories based on customer’s requirement. The plant is fully equipped to produce high quality molded and non-molded bra, with or without pad, with or without under-wire and bra with traditional seams. The total production capacity of the ALL for the different types of bra is 1. 8 to 2. 0 million pieces of bra per month. The production facility is sufficiently flexible to allow 15-20% additional capacity of any of the items.Sports Bra Pcs/month Girls Bra Pcs/month 500,000- 550,000 Ladies Bra; standard Pcs/month 600,000- 650,000 Ladies Bra; fashion Pcs/month 300,000- 350,000 400,000- 450,000 3. Apex Textile Printing Mills Limited Apex Textile Printing Mills Limited (ATPML) is a fully vertical setup to manufacture high quality Knit-garments and both ladies & men’s underwear using in-house fabrics. High quality knit-garments for infant and children are manufactured in one floor. In the separate two floors men’s and ladies underwear and others intimate apparels are made.Both the sewing floors use in-house fabrics and components manufactured within the Apex textile complex. The plant is equipped with facilities to produce garments starting from the infant sleep sac k / body suits to ladies / men’s hooded sport jackets, based on designs, fabrics and accessories as required by the buyer. The garments can be from basic to complicated cut & sew, with placement prints, embroidery or both. Page 3 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   The production capacity of the knitwear section of ATPML is about 1. 0 to 1. million pieces per month of knit garments and that of the underwear floors are about 3. 4 to 3. 6 million pieces per month. The two tables below shows the capacities of the 3 floors in ATPML. The capacities of different types of knit-garment, with sufficient flexibility to allow 25-40% additional capacity of any one of the items. Infants Pcs / month Children’s Pcs / month 400,000 – 450,000 Ladies apparel Pcs / month 300,000 – 350,000 300,000 – 400,000 The table below shows the sewing capacities of underwear in ATPML. Children’s underwear Pcs / month 600,000 – 700,000Ladies und erwear Pcs / month 1,200,000 – 1,250,000 Man’s underwear Pcs / month 1,600,000 – 1,650,000 Facilities within Apex Textile complex: Apex textile complex is the combination of these 3 vertical operations, from fabrics to garment factories along with Apex Yarn Dyeing Mills limited. Most of the fabrics and other materials for the garments are produced within the Textile complex. Items like lace, under-wires, ring-slide and some special components are imported. Hangers, poly-bags, printed individual boxes, woven labels etc are locally available. 1. Garment-making:Each of the three garments factories; ASKML (knitwear), ALL (Bra) & ATPML (underwear & knitwear) have separate and complete set-ups for garment manufacturing, starting from design- sample-pattern to garment finishing. 1. a. Sample, Pattern and design department: The department in each of the garment manufacturing units is equipped with CAD (Lectra and/or Garber) systems and between 60 to 80 sewing machines t o produce samples according to buyer’s specifications and /or Apex’s own designs (see page XX). All samples are fitted on appropriate fitting-forms and on live models before sending to the buyers.From digitized patterns, all production markers are produced with optimum efficiency. Page 4 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings Sections of sample, pattern & design department 1. b. Cutting department: The cutting department for each of the sewing floors is equipped with fabric inspection, 8 to 12 cutting tables, straight knife, band knife and stripe fabric pilling or lace pilling setups. The capacities of each cutting departments are carefully matched with the respective sewing capacities, between 60,000 to 100,000 pieces each day. All cut pieces are checked and are prepared into bundles of 20 to 40 pieces.The bundle baskets are sent to the sewing section. Before cutting 100% of the fabrics are inspected and laid for sufficient time on cutting tables for re laxation. Sections of the cutting floor Page 5 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   1. c. Sewing department: All the sewing floors are equipped with modern apparel machineries and attachments. The mechanical department is fully equipped with specialized attachment making within facilities. The lines are laid out in a manner to allow 100% inspection of the garments during production. Sewing floor 1. d.Finishing department: Completed garments in size lots are cleaned of loose threads, dust etc in vacuum suction device, as required. Subsequently, the garments are transferred into an enclosed humidity controlled (air conditioned) room, where, for the Bra and underwear, the garments are inspected and for the knitwear’s, the garments are finished with steam iron on vacuum tables. After putting all packaging accessories each piece is checked with needle detector before packing for shipment. For all orders, internal AQL is determined before buyer’s inspect ion. Page 6 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  HoldingsSections of the finishing floor Another section of the finishing floor 1. e. Molding & Laminating: Apex Lingerie Limited mainly uses the molding & laminating facility. This section is equipped with foam molding, elastic fabric molding, rigid fabric molding, die-cutting (for both foam & fabric) and fabric-fabric, foam-fabric, fiber fill-fabric Laminating machinery. Foam molding Capacity: 52,000 pairs/day and fabric molding capacity: 70,000 pairs/day. Foam & fabric molding section 1. f. Hook & eye tape making: Apex Lingerie Limited mainly uses the hook & eye tape making facility.This section is equipped with fully computerized machinery to Page 7 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   produce both hook tape and eye tapes of up to 4 rows. The Hook & eye capacity is about 80,000 pieces/day. Hook & eye making setup 2. Fabrics: A large variety of wide fabrics (circular knit & warp knit), using a wide range of fibers, 100% cotton, polyester, nylon, various blends, micro-fibers with or without spandex and yarn dyed or solid dyed fabrics are produced exclusively for the garments units within the textile complex. 2. a. Wide Fabrics:Circular knit fabrics: There are a total of 145 circular knitting machines, most of the machines are equipped with Spandex attachments and have extra-gauge cylinders. Circular knit fabrics can be solid dyed or yarn dyed, with or without Spandex; Total Capacity 3 5,000 Kg / day Single Jersey / Pique: Capacity/day:16,500 Kg Interlock / drop needle: Capacity/day: 6,000 Kg Rib / drop needle rib: Capacity/day: 6,000 Kg Engineering stripe (up to 6 colors): Capacity/ day: 1,500 Kg 3 thread fleece: Capacity/day: 5,000 Kg Sections of circular knitting departmentPage 8 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings Warp knit fabrics: Solid dyed or yarn dyed, with or without Spandex Tricot: Double tricot, Charmeuse, mesh, honeycomb, velour, diamond tulle etc (from rigid to 30 % elastane); Capacity: 150,000 meters / month Raschel: powernet, satinette, slee knit, one way stretch fabric etc (from 5% to 35 % elastane); Capacity: 70,000 meters / month Simplex; Various types of Simplex fabrics (up to 35% elastane) Capacity : 24,000 meters to 30,000 meters / month Elastane warping, rigid yarn warping and warp knitting sectionsFlat knit fabrics: Solid dyed or yarn dyed Collars / cuffs (SHIMA SEIKI); Capacity: 6,000 sets / day Fabrics for styling Flat knitting section 2. b. Dyeing & finishing facilities for wide fabrics: Dyeing machines are suitable for cotton, spandex cotton, polyamide, polyester, viscose, and various blends; Capacity 55,000 Kg / day Page 9 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   14 sample dyeing machines which can produce 40 different sample fabrics in every day. This department is equipped with both open width & tubular finishing machinery. Fabric finishing section is equipped with stenter / open-wid th dryer, tubular-dryer / Tumble dryer / open-width compactor / tubular compactor etc suitable for enzyme finish, silicone finish or any specialized finish (e. g. , Teflon coating, antimicrobial coating etc); Capacity; 50,000 Kg / day. In addition to all the options for the chemical finishing, the department has sued- / peach-finishing machines for mechanical finishes. Capacity: 5,000 Kg/day. For Fleece fabrics, the finishing section is equipped with raising machines, brushing machine and searing machine. Capacity: 10,000 Kg/day.Part of the dyeing department showing a section of the sample dyeing Sections of the dye-finishing Page 10 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings 2. c. Printed Fabrics: The printing section can produce about 50,000 meters/day of printed fabrics, with either reactive, disperse, acid or pigment dyes. The All Over Printing (AOP) section is equipped with:    †¢ One 12 colors Rotary screen printing setup for knit fabrics with a capacity of about 25,000 meters/day. AND One 12 colors Flat-Bed printing setup for knit fabrics with a capacity of about 22,000 meters/day.Loop steamer / polymerizer / after print washing Digital engraving Computerized design preparation Fully equipped sample & strike off preparation Color kitchen Screen preparation, sample printing †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Screen preparation, sample printing and 12 color rotary screen printing Page 11 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings 12 color Flat -bed printing Machine    2. d. Narrow fabrics: The narrow fabrics section is equipped with all the necessary machinery to produce a wide range of elastic and non-elastic fabrics. Rubber covering (double covering): Capacity: 1200 Kg /day Spandex covering (single covering): Capacity: 540 Kg / day Needle looms (without jacquard): Capacity: 3 50,000 meters / day Needle looms (Jacquard): Capacity: 50,000 meters/day Crochet: Capacity: 60,000 meters / day Narrow fa brics dyeing: Capacity: 350,000 meters / day Label printing: Capacity: 200,000 labels / day Narrow fabric weaving, knitting & dyeing Page 12 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   3. Yarn dyeing Dyed yarn; cotton, polyester & nylon: Capacity: 13,000 to 15,000 Kg/day Sewing and embroidery threads; Spun polyester, filament polyester / nylon / viscose: Capacity: 45,000 cones / day . Embroidery: Yarn dyeing, winding & spooling Capacity 15,000 pieces/ day Solid Embroidery: 9 color machines Applique Embroidery on print Sequence / cording / boring Embroidery section 5. Placement printing: Capacity: 60,000 to 100,000 pieces / day in up to 6 colors Pigment / Discharge print Puff / Rubber print Page 13 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   Glitter / Flock print Stone attachment Foil printing / metallic shine High density printing Photo print Sections of Placement printing department 6. Pad printing & label printing:In keeping with the need of the market, Apex has setup the facilities to print labels on label tapes as well as printing labels (particularly care labels on bra and underwear) on the body of the garments, using both pad printing machines or using transfer print labels. 7. Washing plant: Capacity 25,000 pcs garment / day The washing plant is equipped to wash knit garments with various additives, enzymes during wash and also during the drying cycle. Page 14 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings Section of the garment washing plant 8. Packaging & Store:All garments are fully inspected & packaged before inspection by buyer or buyer’s agent. A large area is allocated for the proper storage of the boxes before shipment. Packaging area and storage 9. Quality control & Textile testing In addition to the modern machinery & equipments, Apex has constantly worked with a wide range of technical experts from Japan, Philippines, Hong Kong and Sri Lanka to improve the working and quality control pro cedure. Sewing technicians work constantly with the operators and supervisor to upgrade the quality standards and optimize efficiency. QA department personnel conducts inspection of fabric, cutting, molding, bundle preparation and 100% garment quality inspection and recording at all stages of production. Fabric weight (density), yarn count & composition Spectral color matching Color Fastness to wash, Rub, light etc Shrinkage and other dimensional stability Extension and Modulus etc Page 15 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings Section of laboratory, Spectral equipment and OEKO-TEX certificate In addition, regular testing of yarn, fabrics etc are conducted at our wellequipped lab, accredited by H&M. 0. Product Development and Fashion Design Department: For the last several years, Apex’s product development team has been working with various buyers to develop new fabrics, prints, narrow fabrics, embellishments’ etc to create new fashion garments for the export market. Based on this experience, in 2010 Apex setup a new independent department for this purpose, staffed by Textile engineers, fashion designers and a complete sample sewing section. The textile engineers in conjunction with the R&D and fabrics departments develop new fabrics, elastics, prints and other embellishments.Fashion designers use these to develop fashion products for the various export market. This has proven to be very useful to the buyers from USA and Europe and many of them are routinely using this facility. 11. Conformity with International Labour & Environmental Standards: Our operations are conducted with awareness for environmental safeguard and we deem it a s our obligation to prevent pollution by complying with relevant environmental legislations. Apex is one of the country’s very first textiles knit composite industries to have its own Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) with a daily capacity of 8 million liters/day.Apex Textile complex fully trea ts all factory effluent before releasing into the environment. All the factories within the complex are fully compliant with and or certified by; WRAP certified OEKO-TEX Standard 100 OE (Organic Exchange Certificate) GSV / CTPAT approved Fare Trade ISO 9000 2001 SEDEX Code of Conduct required by major retail stores of the world, e. g. , H&M, Maidenform, Hanes Brands Inc, Vanity Fair, JC Penney, Target, Lindex, Sear-Kmart, Fruit of the loom, Walmart, The Children Place etcWe follow ethical employment practices and adhere to applicable state, National and International laws on labor employment. We provide a clean, safe and healthy environment, adopt fair labor practices, reward them with wages without any discrimination and we do not interfere in their freedom of association and personal    Page 16 of Profile of the Textile Complex of Apex  Holdings   freedom. In addition, we have the Child care center accommodate with 90 children providing food, nursing etc. 12. Buyers of Apex Textile Complex: Our buyers of Knitwear are; H&M, Zara, The Morrison, Oshkosh/Caters, Sainsbury, V a n i t y F a i r .Children Place, O’stin, Buyers of Bra are : Maidenform, H&M, George UK, Vanity Fair, Matalan, Hunkemoller, Charlott, Sears, Next, JC Penney, Kohls, Target, Lindex, Kappahl . Buyers of Underwear are : H&M, George UK, Lindex, Kappahl, DB Apparels, Hema, Next, Pi erre Cardin , 2xist. 13. Delivery time and other Commercial issues Typically an order can be made ready for shipment in 30-90 days depending on approvals of the buyer. Prior to the confirmation of an order, order details and buyer’s desired delivery dates are sent to the PPIC (Production Planning and Inventory Control) department.Upon receiving the export Letter of Credit or Contract, Apex’s merchandizing and commercial department issues purchase orders for the required raw materials. After supplier confirmation of shipment date(s), PPIC department confirms production plans. The pro duction management team, PPIC department, and QAD coordinate the production and the commercial department oversees the export and documentation. 14. How to execute a new order To start business with any of the factories of Apex Textile Complex, you or your representative can visit our factory to see our production facilities, products and compliance issues, or have the factory audited.In addition, you can send us any of the following along with the sizes & colors you want and target date(s) for the shipment(s). A sample of the item(s) you want. OR A sketch of the item(s) you want with complete measurement chart. OR You can ask us to send you samples from our own collections Our merchandizing department will give you our costing(s) and send counter sample(s) as soon as possible with and options of shipment dates. Page 17 of

Implementing SFA at Quantium Technology Essay

Quantium Technology (founded in 1989) was an innovative technology company that provided computer hardware and software for large enterprises. It had grown to become a leading provider of enterprise servers and specialized workstations which were known for their reliability and security. Quantium was an enormous beneficiary of the dot-com boom, but struggled after the bust and the recession. In 2004, Anne Rothman was the new Executive Vice President of Global Sales and she felt that sales force automation was one of Quantium’s biggest challenges. There were numerous problems with the existing SFA software solution Siebel Sales. Sales representatives were abandoning the system, sales managers were complaining that the sales pipeline data was not accurate. The system did not appear to be increasing win rates or shortening the sales cycle as expected. After the internet bust, competition had commoditized the server market by offering cheaper servers that were closing the performance gap. Quantium moved from being a product company to a solutions company. The sales reps had to adjust by focusing on business issues and business problems instead of technical features. Also the team selling approach was not quite successful. Sales managers and company executives complained that they did not have reliable information on the company sales pipeline. To rectify these problems, Rothman started interviewing the people associated with implementation of the SFA program. SFA was also the core of many CRM applications. The key SFA elements were opportunity management and sales forecasting. Siebel was selected as the SFA software to be implemented. This was implemented with the help of IT specialists and assistance from IT consultants and system integrators. The IT team was pressured to deliver the best possible solution as there were differences as to whether to implement the standard product or its customized version. A training program was rolled out to get the entire sales reps and managers up to speed on the new SFA tool. As the system was being rolled out and put into operation, performance problems emerged from the field and it was associated with Quantium’s existing outdated technology infrastructure. The sales reps especially faced a lot of problems and were hesitant to use the system with a steep learning curve. Rothman went over the history of SFA implementation as well as the current status. She has identified the implementation mistakes and has to find a solution to make SFA work at Quantium.

Does Winning the Lottery Cause Happiness?

Does winning the lottery cause happiness? Playing the lottery is easy- but winning is more of a challenge. Playing the lottery is all about luck- How lucky are you? Money is a fundamental part of our everyday lives. We need money to support ourselves and our families. The lottery has been a popular way for people to â€Å"get rich quick† for many years. Buying a lotto ticket is cheap and easy- hoping that you are the lucky winner is a great form of entertainment for people who have big hopes and dreams.The lottery is played by every economic and social class, from the lower class to the upper class. The lower class often play the lottery in order to win money so they can provide more for themselves, a lot of the time these people don’t win a lot of money or win no money at all, this will cause unhappiness and a feeling of regret for wasting money on playing the lottery; instead could have used that money to buy their essentials needs for example food. Winning the lotter y is everyone’s wish.From winning a couple of thousand rands to millions- is everyone’s biggest wish. Winning the lottery is definitely a blessing but there are those who don’t have the financial management skills to make their money grow and they often end up blowing away all their money in bad decisions. At first people often splurge on expensive and luxurious assets such buying a home, their dream car, go on a vacation or even open up a business that they have always wanted.This makes these people very happy. People often spend all the money they have won and then in the end they do not have the money to maintain these expensive assets. These people then start going into debt and start taking out loans that they will never be able to repay and therefore get into a crisis- causing unhappiness. These people in turn then have to start selling off the assets that they have bought in order to pay off these debts, in the end, left with no money and no assets.Playin g the lottery is a form of gambling- people who play a lot, often become addicted and spend most of their days playing, hoping that they will win money – but excessive gamblers can lose all of their possessions if they do not have a lot of money and start selling their possessions in order to gain money to play. I believe that money can’t buy happiness unless you know how to manage your money. Many people are content when they win money as they can now please themselves with what they have always wanted- if people do not know to grow their money, save money and manage their money- this will cause misery and stress.

Kandos Choco

Market Chocolates – like ice cream, toothpaste and milk powder – have universal appeal across all demographics and cultures. But unlike toothpaste and milk powder, chocolate is not considered an absolute necessity; nor is it endorsed by opinion leaders. In fact, dentists and nutritionists often ‘De-market' the product – especially since it is perceived as being a product that is generally not suitable for children. Despite these constraints, the Western influence of chocolate as a snack, reward or gift has gained universal acceptance.The habit of housecoat being given as a gift between loved ones, friends and relatives is widespread – and in this respect, chocolate often triumphs over flowers as the gift of choice. The best evidence of this is on Valentine's Day, seasonal and religious events such as Christmas and New Year, and birthdays and anniversaries. Chocolate is also a popular impulse item, where purchasing is influenced by visibility in store s and by packaging. The Sir Lankan chocolate market has been dominated by many local players. But Kansas is the undisputed market leader, enjoying a 56% market share.The total imported brand share is sees than 5% in Sir Lankan, which is unusual considering the fact that India as well as other markets in the region are being dominated by foreign brands, which account for more than 90% of their chocolate brands. Kansas, however, has a strong base. It was the premier chocolate long before foreign competitors and local imitators arrived on the scene. The local consumer has been exposed to the unique taste of Kansas for the past 44 years, thereby ensuring brand loyalty. The market is now quite sophisticated, with many pack designs, display configurations,

Duties of a Student Essay

THE PERIOD OF LIFE, WHICH WE SPEND TO RECEIVE EDUCATION IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, IS CALLED STUDENT LIFE. IT IS NOT ONLY THE BEST TIME OF A MAN’S LIFE BUT ALSO THE SEEDTIME AS THE SUCCESS AND HAPPINESS IN OUR LIFE DEPEND ON HOW WE HAVE SPENT OUR STUDENT LIFE. THAT IS WHY, THIS LIFE IS THE LIFE OF WORK, OF DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES IF THE LATER PART OF LIFE IS TO BE A LIFE OF ACHIEVEMENT AND SUCCESS. BUT WHAT EXACTLY ARE THE DUTIES OF THIS LIFE? GIVING A SATISFACTORY ANSWER TO THIS QUESTION NEEDS A RATHER LENGTHY DISCUSSION. IT IS SAID, â€Å"MAN HAS THREE DUTIES – DUTY TOWARDS GOD, DUTY TOWARDS PARENTS AND DUTY TOWARDS MANKIND. † I THINK, A STUDENT HAS TO DO ALL THESE THREE DUTIES INCLUDING AN EXTRA DUTY, I. E. STUDY. THE FIRST AND FOREMOST DUTY OF ANY STUDENT, AS EVERYONE OPINES, IS STUDY. THE MAIN STUDY COURSE OF A STUDENT CONSISTS OF THE BOOKS OR MATERIALS HE / SHE IS SUPPOSED TO STUDY. THESE ARE UNDOUBTEDLY, THE PRIMARY SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE FOR STUDENTS. SINCE THESE ARE PRE-PLANNED AND PREPARED ACCORDING TO THEIR SPECIFIC NEEDS, THEY SHOULD FIRST LEARN FROM THEM. A WIDE RANGE OF OTHER REFERENCE AS WELL AS NON-REFERENCE BOOKS, NOVELS, DRAMAS, POETRY, MAGAZINES, ARTICLES, HOWEVER, WILL BE CONSIDERED EQUALLY IMPORTANT IN THIS REGARD. AFTER THAT, A STUDENT SHOULD SAY HIS PRAYER REGULARLY AS PRAYING HABIT CREATES ALL THE QUALITIES OF HUMANITY LIKE HONESTY, TRUTHFULNESS, MODESTY, POLITENESS, PUNCTUALITY, DISCIPLINE ETC. HE SHOULD BEAR IN MIND, WHAT MAHATMA GANDHI COMMENTS, â€Å"REAL EDUCATION CONSISTS IN DRAWING THE BEST OF YOURSELF; WHAT BETTER BOOK CAN THERE BE THAN THE BOOK OF HUMANITY. † HE SHOULD PASS HIS  TIME IN A SYSTEMATIC WAY, WHICH WILL HELP HIM TO FOLLOW THE RULES OF DISCIPLINE AND PUNCTUALITY TO THE LATTER. HE SHOULD TAKE PART IN GAMES AND SPORTS TO KEEP FIT ALSO. IT HELPS HIM TO HAVE A SOUND BODY AND 1 B. A(Hon’s), M. A in English, Upazila Family Planning Officer, Golapganj, Sylhet (BCS-Family Planning, BCS-General Education); Former Teacher of BAF Shaheen College Dhaka; Email: mmannann@gmail. com CONSEQUENTLY, HE CAN DEVELOP A SOUND MIND. HE ALSO SHOULD TAKE IN DEBATE, DISCUSSION, SEMINARS, AND SYMPOSIUM, WHICH WILL WIDEN HIS KNOWLEDGE. A MAN’S CHARACTER IS MUCH MORE INFLUENCED BY HIS COMPANIONS. SO IT IS THE FOREMOST DUTY OF ALL THE STUDENTS TO MIX WITH GOOD FRIENDS AND GIVE UP BAD COMPANY AT ALL COSTS. A STUDENT CAN GO ON EXCURSION AND PICNIC WITH HIS FELLOW STUDENTS BY WHICH MONOTONY WILL BE DERIVED. A STUDENT SHOULD OBEY HIS TEACHER’S INSTRUCTION TO THE LETTER. PARENTS ARE THE MOST WELL-WISHERS OF A MAN. SO HE SHOULD NEVER BE OUT OF CONTROL OF THE SOCIETY. A STUDENT HAS TO GET INVOLVED IN THE WEAL AND WOE OF HIS OWN FAMILY. A STUDENT SHOULD BECOME A REAL PATRIOT. A STUDENT CAN RENDER MANY SOCIAL AND BENEVOLENT ACTIVITIES. HE CAN TEACH THE ILLITERATE PEOPLE. HE CAN HELP THEM UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANCE OF FAMILY PLANNING, MALNUTRITION, SANITATION, EXPLOSION ETC. DURING THE TIME OF NATURAL CALAMITIES, HE CAN SERVE THE AFFECTED PEOPLE BY GIVING THEM FOOD, SHELTER, MEDICINE, PURE DRINKING WATER, CLOTHES ETC. HE HAS TO KNOW HOW TO IDENTIFY HIMSELF WITH THE WHOLE NATION WITH RESPECT TO VARIOUS ASPECTS OF ITS PRIDE AND DEFICIENCIES. THAT IS, HE HAS TO GROW A SENSE OF BELONGING. THOUGH, STUDENT SHOULD NOT TAKE ACTIVE PART IN POLITICS,  THEY SHOULD TAKE A BOLD STAND AT THE TIME OF NATURAL NEED AND SET EVERYTHING RIGHT. THEY SHOULD BEAR IN MIND THAT ONLY STUDENTS CAN MAKE A NATION GREAT. SO THEY SHOULD BE CAREFUL TO ATTAIN THE QUALITIES OF A WORTHY CITIZEN. THERE IS NO ROSE WITHOUT THORNS, NO RIGHT WITHOUT DUTIES, AND NO PLEASURES WITHOUT PAINS. NO WONDER THEN THAT A STUDENT HAS TO DISCHARGE DUTIES TO HIS OWN SELF, TO HIS PARENTS, TO HIS FAMILY, TO HIS COUNTRY AND TO THE WIDE WORLD. MISTAKE ONCE COMMITTED IN THIS PERIOD CAN HARDLY BE RECOVERED. THE SUCCESS OF OUR LIFE DEPENDS ON THE BEST USE OF OUR STUDENT LIFE.

Problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Problem question - Essay Example Donoghue became ill after consuming a drink which contained a decomposed snail. The House of Lords found that she did have a valid claim against the manufacturer of the drink. A three-step criterion later emerged, which was solidified in the case of Caparo Industries Plc v Dickman.5 A duty between defendant and claimant exists in the presence of a reasonable forseeability of harm, a relationship of proximity between defendant and claimant, and it being just, fair and reasonable to impose liability on the defendant for his careless actions.6 In the present matter, the police were at the festival in order to provide security and crowd control. Based on the number of people in the park, a reasonable forseeability of harm did exist. The facts state that the amount of people in the park threatened to become a safety hazard. A relationship of proximity existed between the police and everybody at the festival, since their job was to provide security at the festival. ... each of duty occurred.7 The test asks whether the actions of the defendant were below the threshold of a â€Å"reasonable man†.8 Defendant must perform his job as a reasonably skilled and competent person.9 On the night of the festival, in an effort to control the crowd, the police erected barriers and cordoned off the area of the park where the band was playing. By doing so, they had not lessened the number of people, but had virtually trapped the people that were there. A â€Å"reasonable man† would not trap a crowd of people when there was already a concern about the number of people in the area. Instead, perhaps dispersing the crowd or refusing entrance to additional people would seem better alternatives. Simple causation is established if â€Å"but for† the actions of the defendant the harm would have occurred.10 The case of McGhee v National Coal Board is usually followed when determining causation.11 With regard to the Jigger matter, since the police had t rapped the people around the stage area, they had no means of escape when the crowd panicked. The surging crowd was also trying to escape, crushing anybody in their path, causing Mike Jigger and Uncle Lewis’ injuries. Finally, the fourth element of negligence is the injury cannot be very remote from the breach that occurred. In the present matter, the claimants’ injuries occurred almost immediately after the breach. Therefore, this element of negligence is satisfied. Based on a review of the facts, it appears that Mike Jigger and Uncle Lewis can establish a claim against the police for negligence. None of the three main defenses to negligence liability appear to be available to the police in this matter. Volenti non fit injuria is a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"to the willing, no injury is done.† This defense